Kreutzfeld Oriana, Müller Katja, Matuschewski Kai
Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 May 31;7:198. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00198. eCollection 2017.
Continuous stage conversion and swift changes in the antigenic repertoire in response to acquired immunity are hallmarks of complex eukaryotic pathogens, including species, the causative agents of malaria. Efficient elimination of liver stages prior to blood infection is one of the most promising malaria vaccine strategies. Here, we describe different genetically arrested parasites (GAPs) that have been engineered in and and compare their vaccine potential. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of prime and boost by arrested sporozoites and experimental strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy by further engineering existing GAPs into a more immunogenic form hold promise for continuous improvements of GAP-based vaccines. A critical hurdle for vaccines that elicit long-lasting protection against malaria, such as GAPs, is safety and efficacy in vulnerable populations. Vaccine research should focus on solutions toward turning malaria into a vaccine-preventable disease, which would offer an exciting new path of malaria control.
持续的阶段转换以及抗原库因获得性免疫而迅速变化是包括疟原虫（疟疾病原体）在内的复杂真核病原体的特征。在血液感染之前有效清除肝期疟原虫是最有前景的疟疾疫苗策略之一。在此，我们描述了在疟原虫和疟蚊中构建的不同基因停滞寄生虫（GAPs），并比较了它们的疫苗潜力。更好地理解停滞子孢子引发的初次免疫和加强免疫的免疫机制，以及通过进一步将现有GAPs改造为更具免疫原性的形式来提高疫苗效力的实验策略，有望持续改进基于GAPs的疫苗。对于能引发针对疟疾的持久保护的疫苗（如GAPs）而言，一个关键障碍是在脆弱人群中的安全性和有效性。疫苗研究应专注于找到将疟疾转变为可通过疫苗预防的疾病的解决方案，这将为疟疾控制提供一条令人兴奋的新途径。
