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通过光门控荧光光谱监测铜(I)金属-配体电荷转移激发态中的光致结构畸变和单重态-三重态系间窜越。

Photoinduced structural distortions and singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in Cu(i) MLCT excited states monitored by optically gated fluorescence spectroscopy.

作者信息

Garakyaraghi Sofia, Koutnik Petr, Castellano Felix N

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.

出版信息

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017 Jun 28;19(25):16662-16668. doi: 10.1039/c7cp03343e.

Abstract

Copper(i) phenanthroline complexes represent viable earth-abundant alternatives to the ubiquitous Ru(ii) tris-bipyridine photosensitizers owing to their similar metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) properties. A well-established complication of Cu(i) phenanthroline complexes is that they can undergo significant photo-induced structural rearrangements, leading to excited states that are highly susceptible to exciplex formation and short-lived. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the photo-induced structural distortions and singlet-triplet intersystem crossing dynamics of a series of four sterically encumbered Cu(i) phenanthroline chromophores has been conducted, namely, [Cu(dsbp)] (dsbp = 2,9-di-sec-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline), [Cu(dsbtmp)] (dsbtmp = 2,9-di-sec-butyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), [Cu(dipp)] (dipp = 2,9-di-isopropyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and [Cu(diptmp)] (diptmp = 2,9-di-isopropyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Upconverted fluorescence decay kinetics were measured at wavelengths along the blue side of the photoluminescence spectrum. The experimental results displayed strong wavelength dependence of the singlet emission, with rapid sub-picosecond decay dominating at higher energies. At lower emission energies, increasing contribution of a longer decay component was revealed. This wavelength dependence is a signature of the excited state structural rearrangement of the phenanthroline ligands which concomitantly lower the excited state energy. The obtained time constants were in excellent agreement with those measured in the complementary ultrafast transient absorption experiments. The sub-picosecond component (prompt fluorescence) is associated with the photo-induced structural rearrangement that lowers the energy of the singlet excited state. The longer decay component represents the lifetime of the S excited state, and thus the time-scale of singlet-triplet intersystem crossing. Lastly, the observed dual emission was further characterized by constructing picosecond time-resolved emission spectra from the measured kinetic data. These qualitative luminescence spectra capture the resulting emission from both the S initial state and the S flattened state, providing further insight into the energy-lowering excited state distortion across the series.

摘要

由于具有相似的金属到配体电荷转移(MLCT)特性,铜(I)菲咯啉配合物是无处不在的钌(II)三联吡啶光敏剂可行的、地球上储量丰富的替代物。铜(I)菲咯啉配合物一个公认的复杂情况是它们会发生显著的光诱导结构重排,导致激发态极易形成激基复合物且寿命短暂。在这项工作中,对一系列四种空间位阻较大的铜(I)菲咯啉发色团,即[Cu(dsbp)](dsbp = 2,9 - 二仲丁基 - 1,10 - 菲咯啉)、[Cu(dsbtmp)](dsbtmp = 2,9 - 二仲丁基 - 3,4,7,8 - 四甲基 - 1,10 - 菲咯啉)、[Cu(dipp)](dipp = 2,9 - 二异丙基 - 1,10 - 菲咯啉)和[Cu(diptmp)](diptmp = 2,9 - 二异丙基 - 3,4,7,8 - 四甲基 - 1,10 - 菲咯啉)的光诱导结构畸变和单重态 - 三重态系间窜越动力学进行了全面分析。在光致发光光谱蓝色一侧的波长处测量了上转换荧光衰减动力学。实验结果显示单重态发射具有很强的波长依赖性,在较高能量下快速的亚皮秒衰减占主导。在较低发射能量下,揭示出较长衰减成分的贡献增加。这种波长依赖性是菲咯啉配体激发态结构重排的特征,其同时降低了激发态能量。所获得的时间常数与在互补的超快瞬态吸收实验中测量的结果非常吻合。亚皮秒成分(即时荧光)与降低单重态激发态能量的光诱导结构重排相关。较长的衰减成分代表单重态激发态的寿命,因此也是单重态 - 三重态系间窜越的时间尺度。最后,通过根据测量的动力学数据构建皮秒时间分辨发射光谱,对观察到的双重发射进行了进一步表征。这些定性发光光谱捕捉了单重态初始态和扁平单重态产生的发射,为深入了解整个系列中降低能量的激发态畸变提供了更多信息。

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