Araujo Meiriele Tavares, Velloso Isabela Cancio, Ceci Christine, Purkis Mary Ellen
a Adjunct Professors, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
b Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.
J Aging Soc Policy. 2017 Oct-Dec;29(5):444-460. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2017.1342526. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
It is estimated that in 2025, Brazil will have the sixth largest elderly population in the world. Beyond the economic consequences of this projection, this changing demographic portends significant changes in the social realm. The aim of this study was to review and consider a range of government documents, developed during the past thirty years and directed toward elderly Brazilian citizens, to explore the ways that caregivers of older persons are positioned in daily care practices through the discourses such documents deploy. The analysis draws on Foucault's genealogical approach, and begins with a review of the historicity of policies, regulations, and legislation related to older people, followed by an analysis of the discourses embedded in the Practical Guide for the Caregiver, a document created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to provide guidance to informal caregivers in the actual provision of care to elders. The analysis shows that throughout the Guide, caregivers are portrayed as multifaceted subjects; yet at the same time, three primary positionings for the caregiver and her or his work are emphasized: the almost-angel, the almost-healthcare professional, and the almost-household professional.
据估计，到2025年，巴西将拥有世界第六大老年人口。除了这一预测带来的经济后果外，这种人口结构的变化预示着社会领域将发生重大变革。本研究的目的是回顾并考量过去三十年中针对巴西老年公民制定的一系列政府文件，以探讨老年人照料者如何通过这些文件所运用的话语在日常照料实践中被定位。该分析借鉴了福柯的谱系学方法，首先回顾与老年人相关的政策、法规和立法的历史，接着分析《照料者实用指南》中所蕴含的话语，该指南是巴西卫生部编写的一份文件，旨在为非正式照料者实际照料老年人提供指导。分析表明，在整个指南中，照料者被描绘为多面主体；然而与此同时，照料者及其工作被强调的三种主要定位是：近乎天使、近乎医疗保健专业人员以及近乎家庭专业人员。
