Reynard Jerome P, Henshilwood Christopher S
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
J Hum Evol. 2017 Jul;108:110-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 May 18.
The Still Bay (SB) and Howiesons Poort (HP) were two significant techno-complexes in the Middle Stone Age and key periods in the expression of behavioral complexity. In this study, we compare the recently excavated fauna from the SB layers at Blombos Cave (BBC) with that from the HP levels at Klipdrift Shelter (KDS) in the southern Cape of South Africa. We consider our findings in the framework of recent models for early human subsistence behavior. In particular, we link our study with models involving resource intensification to examine whether foraging strategies in the HP were more or less intensive than those in the SB. Based on our criteria used to assess intensification-the exploitation of low-ranked prey, the processing of low-utility elements, transport decisions, and occupational intensity-intensive subsistence strategies are more evident at KDS than BBC. Our results suggest that low-ranked elements were processed more heavily and diet breath was broader at KDS than at BBC. However, foraging ranges may have been more extensive at BBC than at KDS. Taphonomic data also suggests that the SB at BBC was a low-intensity, sporadically occupied period in contrast to the high-intensity occupations during the HP at KDS. We argue that this may be related to differences in mobility and residential patterns between these techno-complexes.
斯蒂尔湾（SB）和豪伊森斯波特（HP）是中石器时代两个重要的技术复合体，也是行为复杂性表现的关键时期。在本研究中，我们将最近在南非开普敦南部布隆伯斯洞穴（BBC）的SB层出土的动物群与在克利普德里夫特避难所（KDS）的HP层出土的动物群进行了比较。我们在早期人类生存行为的最新模型框架内考虑我们的发现。特别是，我们将我们的研究与涉及资源集约化的模型联系起来，以检验HP的觅食策略是否比SB的更集约化或更不集约化。根据我们用于评估集约化的标准——对低等级猎物的利用、低效用元素的处理、运输决策和职业强度——集约化的生存策略在KDS比在BBC更明显。我们的结果表明，KDS比BBC对低等级元素的处理更深入，饮食范围更广。然而，BBC的觅食范围可能比KDS更广泛。埋藏学数据还表明，与KDS的HP时期的高强度居住相比，BBC的SB是一个低强度、偶尔有人居住的时期。我们认为，这可能与这些技术复合体之间的流动性和居住模式差异有关。
