Nejman L, Wood R, Wright D, Lisá L, Nerudová Z, Neruda P, Přichystal A, Svoboda J
School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, 1 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
J Hum Evol. 2017 Jul;108:131-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.015. Epub 2017 May 19.
In 1956-1958, excavations of Pod Hradem Cave in Moravia (eastern Czech Republic) revealed evidence for human activity during the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition. This spanned 25,050-44,800 cal BP and contained artefacts attributed to the Aurignacian and Szeletian cultures, including those made from porcelanite (rarely used at Moravian Paleolithic sites). Coarse grained excavation techniques and major inversions in radiocarbon dates meant that site chronology could not be established adequately. This paper documents re-excavation of Pod Hradem in 2011-2012. A comprehensive AMS dating program using ultrafiltration and ABOx-SC pre-treatments provides new insights into human occupation at Pod Hradem Cave. Fine-grained excavation reveals sedimentary units spanning approximately 20,000 years of the Early Upper Paleolithic and late Middle Paleolithic periods, thus making it the first archaeological cave site in the Czech Republic with such a sedimentary and archaeological record. Recent excavation confirms infrequent human visitation, including during the Early Aurignacian by people who brought with them portable art objects that have no parallel in the Czech Republic. Raw material diversity of lithics suggests long-distance imports and ephemeral visits by highly mobile populations throughout the EUP period.
1956年至1958年期间，对摩拉维亚（捷克共和国东部）的波德赫拉代姆洞穴进行的发掘揭示了旧石器时代中晚期过渡阶段人类活动的证据。这一时期跨度为公元前25050年至44800年，包含了奥瑞纳文化和斯泽莱蒂安文化的文物，包括用瓷石制成的文物（在摩拉维亚旧石器时代遗址很少使用）。粗粒度的发掘技术和放射性碳年代测定的重大反转意味着该遗址的年代顺序无法得到充分确定。本文记录了2011年至2012年对波德赫拉代姆洞穴的重新发掘。一个使用超滤和ABOx-SC预处理的全面的加速器质谱（AMS）测年计划为波德赫拉代姆洞穴的人类居住情况提供了新的见解。细粒度的发掘揭示了跨越大约20000年的旧石器时代晚期早期和旧石器时代中期晚期的沉积单元，因此使其成为捷克共和国第一个有如此沉积和考古记录的考古洞穴遗址。最近的发掘证实人类很少到访，包括在奥瑞纳文化早期，当时人们带来了在捷克共和国没有类似物的便携式艺术品。石器的原材料多样性表明在整个旧石器时代晚期，有高流动性人群进行的长途进口和短暂访问。
