Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Aug 1;18(8):735.e1-735.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Institutionalized adults are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from influenza and pneumococcal infection. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination have been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalization and deaths due to pneumonia and influenza in this population.
To assess trends in influenza vaccination coverage among US nursing home residents from the 2005-2006 through 2014-2015 influenza seasons and trends in pneumococcal vaccination coverage from 2006 to 2014 among US nursing home residents, by state and demographic characteristics.
Data were analyzed from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS's) Minimum Data Set (MDS). Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status were assessed for all residents of CMS-certified nursing homes using data reported to the MDS by all certified facilities.
Influenza vaccination coverage increased from 71.4% in the 2005-2006 influenza season to 75.7% in the 2014-2015 influenza season and pneumococcal vaccination coverage increased from 67.4% in 2006 to 78.4% in 2014. Vaccination coverage varied by state, with influenza vaccination coverage ranging from 50.0% to 89.7% in the 2014-2015 influenza season and pneumococcal vaccination coverage ranging from 55.0% to 89.7% in 2014. Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic residents had lower coverage compared with non-Hispanic white residents for both vaccines, and these differences persisted over time.
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among US nursing home residents remains suboptimal. Nursing home staff can employ strategies such as provider reminders and standing orders to facilitate offering vaccination to all residents along with culturally appropriate vaccine promotion to increase vaccination coverage among this vulnerable population.
机构化成年人患流感和肺炎球菌感染的发病率和死亡率增加。流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种已被证明可有效降低该人群因肺炎和流感导致的住院和死亡。
评估美国养老院居民在 2005-2006 至 2014-2015 流感季节的流感疫苗接种覆盖率趋势，以及 2006 至 2014 年美国养老院居民的肺炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率趋势，按州和人口统计学特征划分。
分析来自医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS）的最低数据集（MDS）的数据。使用所有认证机构向 MDS 报告的数据，评估所有 CMS 认证养老院居民的流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种状况。
流感疫苗接种覆盖率从 2005-2006 流感季节的 71.4%增加到 2014-2015 流感季节的 75.7%，肺炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率从 2006 年的 67.4%增加到 2014 年的 78.4%。疫苗接种覆盖率因州而异，2014-2015 流感季节的流感疫苗接种覆盖率范围为 50.0%至 89.7%，2014 年的肺炎球菌疫苗接种覆盖率范围为 55.0%至 89.7%。与非西班牙裔白人居民相比，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔居民的两种疫苗接种率都较低，并且这些差异随着时间的推移而持续存在。
美国养老院居民的流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种仍然不理想。养老院工作人员可以采取提供者提醒和常规医嘱等策略，为所有居民提供疫苗接种，并针对这一脆弱人群进行文化适宜的疫苗推广，以提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
