Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Apr;46(3):597-612. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0315-4.
Parenting behaviors influence clinical depression among youth, but little is known about the developmental processes that may account for this association. This study investigated whether parenting is associated with the onset of clinical depression and depressive symptoms through negative cognitive style, particularly under conditions of high exposure to stressors, in a community sample of children and adolescents (N = 275; 59% girls). Observational methods were used to assess positive and negative parenting during a laboratory social-evaluative stressor task. Depressive symptoms and clinical depressive episodes were repeatedly assessed over an 18-month prospective follow-up period. Results supported a conditional indirect effect in which low levels of observed positive parenting during a youth stressor task were indirectly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing an episode of depression and worsening depressive symptoms over the course of the study through youth negative cognitive style, but only for youth who also experienced a high number of peer stressors. These findings elucidate mechanisms through which problematic parenting may contribute to risk for the development of clinical depression during the transition into and across adolescence. Implications for depression interventions are discussed.
养育行为会影响青少年的临床抑郁症，但对于可能导致这种关联的发展过程知之甚少。本研究在儿童和青少年的社区样本中（N=275；59%为女孩），通过负性认知方式，特别是在高压力源暴露的情况下，调查了养育是否与临床抑郁症和抑郁症状的发生有关。在实验室社会评价应激任务中使用观察方法评估积极和消极的养育方式。在 18 个月的前瞻性随访期间，反复评估抑郁症状和临床抑郁发作。结果支持一个条件间接效应，即青少年应激任务中观察到的积极养育水平较低与经历抑郁发作的可能性增加以及研究过程中抑郁症状恶化有关，而这一效应仅在青少年同时经历了大量同伴压力的情况下存在。这些发现阐明了有问题的养育方式可能会通过青少年的负性认知方式导致其在进入和跨越青春期期间发展为临床抑郁症的风险机制。讨论了抑郁干预的意义。
