Transport Engineering Department, COPPE/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Centro de Tecnologia 2, bloco H, sala 106-21941-594 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 May;114:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.028. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
This study aimed at identifying and comparing subjective risk perception regarding two different violent situations in urban roads: traffic accidents (i.e. crashes) and robberies. A robbery consists of subtracting something from someone, while seriously threatening the victim, or using violence. Robberies can be perpetrated either with or without the use of a weapon. This study was carried out in the city of Uberlândia, a medium size city in the state of Minas Gerais, south-east Brazil. A total of 383 people was interviewed at home in two boroughs of Uberlândia, using a questionnaire divided in five parts: a) personal information; b) description of crash involvement; c) description of robbery involvement; d) the chance of being involved in a crash and in a robbery within the next three years; e) willingness to pay for more safety in traffic or for more security against robberies; f) what causes more damage or harm to society, crashes or robberies. Descriptive figures are shown for the sample which reported 1.44 crashes/person. More than half of those involved in crashes (56%) were injured and 75% of these needed hospital care. There were 1.15 robberies/person. Only 7% of those involved in robberies were injured, none of them hospitalized. During robberies, 57.3% of the respondents were threatened with weapons. Car drivers were more subject to crashes (40%) and pedestrians were more subject to robberies (78%). Risk perception of being involved in a robbery within the next three years and when on the streets of the local borough is higher than crash risk perception. Respondents thought of dying in 25.5% of the crashes and in 46.3% of the robberies. A large group (63.7% of the sample) declared the willingness to pay for more personal security rather than for more traffic safety. Statistical analysis is presented in an attempt to study the relationship between variables. As expected, the respondents' subjective risk perception appears to contradict objective risk. Instinctively, interviewees might perceive robberies as a greater threat than crashes, perhaps reflecting lightly on the latter. In countries with high crash and violent incident statistics such results could be used to orientate traffic safety policies, education and campaigns, concentrating on the outcomes of crashes.
本研究旨在识别和比较城市道路中两种不同暴力情况（即交通事故和抢劫）的主观风险感知。抢劫是指从某人那里拿走某物，同时严重威胁受害者，或使用暴力。抢劫可以使用或不使用武器进行。本研究在巴西东南部米纳斯吉拉斯州的一个中等城市乌贝兰迪亚市进行。共有 383 人在乌贝兰迪亚的两个区的家中接受了问卷调查，问卷分为五个部分：a）个人信息；b）参与车祸的描述；c）参与抢劫的描述；d）未来三年内发生车祸和抢劫的可能性；e）对交通安全或防盗安全支付更多费用的意愿；f）车祸和抢劫对社会造成的损害或危害更大。报告每 1.44 人发生 1.44 起车祸的样本中显示了描述性数字。超过一半的车祸参与者（56%）受伤，其中 75%需要住院治疗。每 1.15 人发生 1.15 起抢劫案。只有 7%的抢劫案参与者受伤，无人住院。在抢劫过程中，57.3%的受访者受到武器威胁。汽车司机更容易发生车祸（40%），行人更容易遭受抢劫（78%）。未来三年内发生抢劫的风险感知和在当地街区街道上发生抢劫的风险感知高于车祸风险感知。受访者认为在 25.5%的车祸和 46.3%的抢劫案中会死亡。一个很大的群体（样本的 63.7%）表示愿意支付更多的个人安全费用，而不是更多的交通安全费用。本文呈现了统计分析，试图研究变量之间的关系。正如预期的那样，受访者的主观风险感知似乎与客观风险相矛盾。受访者可能本能地认为抢劫比车祸更具威胁性，这也许反映了他们对后者的轻视。在车祸和暴力事件发生率较高的国家，这些结果可用于指导交通安全政策、教育和宣传活动，重点关注车祸的后果。
