Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Sep;80:394-413. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Synaptic plasticity is widely regarded as a putative biological substrate for learning and memory processes. While both decreases and increases in synaptic strength are seen as playing a role in learning and memory, long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy has received far less attention than its counterpart long-term potentiation (LTP). Never-the-less, LTD at synapses can play an important role in increasing computational flexibility in neural networks. In addition, like learning and memory processes, the magnitude of LTD can be modulated by factors that include stress and sex hormones, neurotrophic support, learning environments, and age. Examining how these factors modulate hippocampal LTD can provide the means to better elucidate the molecular underpinnings of learning and memory processes. This is in turn will enhance our appreciation of how both increases and decreases in synaptic plasticity can play a role in different neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
突触可塑性被广泛认为是学习和记忆过程的潜在生物学基础。虽然突触强度的增加和减少都被认为在学习和记忆中发挥作用，但与长时程增强（LTP）相比，突触效能的长时程抑制（LTD）受到的关注要少得多。尽管如此，突触 LTD 可以在增加神经网络的计算灵活性方面发挥重要作用。此外，与学习和记忆过程一样，LTD 的幅度可以通过包括应激和性激素、神经营养支持、学习环境和年龄在内的因素来调节。研究这些因素如何调节海马 LTD 可以提供更好地阐明学习和记忆过程的分子基础的手段。反过来，这将增强我们对突触可塑性的增加和减少如何在不同的神经发育和神经退行性疾病中发挥作用的理解。
