Broséus Julian, Rhumorbarbe Damien, Morelato Marie, Staehli Ludovic, Rossy Quentin
School of Criminal Justice, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
School of Criminal Justice, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Aug;277:88-102. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.021. Epub 2017 Jun 4.
Cryptomarkets are online marketplaces, located on the darknet, that facilitate the trading of a variety of illegal goods, mostly drugs. While the literature essentially focus on drugs, various other goods and products related to financial or identity fraud, firearms, counterfeit goods, as well as doping products are also offered on these marketplaces. Through the analysis of relevant data collected on a popular marketplace in 2014-2015, Evolution, this research provides an analysis of the structure of trafficking (types and proportions of products, number of vendors and shipping countries). It also aims at highlighting geographical patterns in the trafficking of these products (e.g. trafficking flows, specialisation of vendors and assessment of their role in the distribution chain). The analysis of the flow of goods between countries emphasises the role of specific countries in the international and domestic trafficking, potentially informing law enforcement agencies to target domestic mails or international posts from specific countries. The research also highlights the large proportion of licit and illicit drug listings and vendors on Evolution, followed by various fraud issues (in particular, financial fraud), the sharing of knowledge (tutorials) and finally goods, currencies and precious metals (principally luxury goods). Looking at the shipping country, there seems to be a clear division between digital and physical products, with more specific information for physical goods. This reveals that the spatial analysis of trafficking is particularly meaningful in the case of physical products (such as illicit drugs) and to a lesser extent for digital products. Finally, the geographical analysis reveals that spatial patterns on Evolution tend to reflect the structure of the traditional illicit market. However, regarding illicit drugs, country-specificity has been observed and are presented in this article.
暗网市场是位于暗网上的在线市场，它促进了各种非法物品的交易，其中大部分是毒品。虽然文献主要关注毒品，但这些市场上也提供与金融或身份欺诈、枪支、假冒商品以及兴奋剂产品相关的各种其他物品和产品。通过对2014 - 2015年在一个名为“进化”的热门市场上收集的相关数据进行分析，本研究对贩运结构（产品类型和比例、供应商数量和运输国家）进行了分析。它还旨在突出这些产品贩运中的地理模式（例如贩运流向、供应商专业化及其在分销链中的作用评估）。对国家间货物流动的分析强调了特定国家在国际和国内贩运中的作用，这可能为执法机构提供信息，以便针对来自特定国家的国内邮件或国际邮政。该研究还强调了“进化”市场上合法和非法毒品列表及供应商的比例很大，其次是各种欺诈问题（特别是金融欺诈）、知识共享（教程），最后是货物、货币和贵金属（主要是奢侈品）。从运输国家来看，数字产品和实体产品之间似乎有明显的区分，实体产品有更具体的信息。这表明，贩运的空间分析在实体产品（如非法毒品）的情况下特别有意义，而对数字产品的意义较小。最后，地理分析表明，“进化”市场上的空间模式往往反映了传统非法市场的结构。然而，关于非法毒品，已经观察到特定国家的情况，并在本文中呈现。
