State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Water Res. 2017 Oct 1;122:447-454. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.048. Epub 2017 May 23.
Most commonly used methods for sewer sulfide control involves dosing chemical agents to wastewater, which incurs high operational costs. Here, we propose and demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally attractive approach to sewer sulfide control through urine separation and its subsequent conversion to nitrite prior to intermittent dosage to sewers. Urine collected from a male toilet urinal was fed to laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. The reactors stably converted roughly 50% of the nitrogen in urine to nitrite, with high abundance (at 17.46%) of known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) of the genus Nitrosomonas, and absence (below detection level) of typical nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira, according to 454 pyrosequencing analysis. The stable nitrite production was achieved at both relatively high (1.0-2.0 mg/L) and low (0.2-0.3 mg/L) dissolved oxygen concentrations. Dosing tests in laboratory-scale sewer systems confirmed the sulfide control effectiveness of free nitrous acid generated from urine. Life cycle assessment indicated that, compared with commodity chemicals, nitrite/free nitrous acid (FNA) production from urine for sulfide control in sewers would lower the operational costs by approximately 2/3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 1/3 in 20 years.
最常用于控制污水中硫化物的方法是向污水中投加化学药剂，但这会产生很高的运营成本。在这里，我们提出并展示了一种经济且环保的方法，通过尿液分离，并将其转化为亚硝酸盐，然后间歇性投加到污水中，从而控制污水中的硫化物。从男厕所小便池收集的尿液被输送到实验室规模的序批式反应器中。根据 454 焦磷酸测序分析，这些反应器稳定地将尿液中大约 50%的氮转化为亚硝酸盐，其中含有丰富的亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）氨氧化菌（AOB）（丰度为 17.46%），而典型的亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）硝化菌（0.2-0.3mg/L）则不存在（低于检测水平）。在相对较高（1.0-2.0mg/L）和较低（0.2-0.3mg/L）的溶解氧浓度下，都能稳定地产生亚硝酸盐。在实验室规模的污水系统中进行的投加试验证实了由尿液产生的游离亚硝酸在控制硫化物方面的有效性。生命周期评估表明，与商品化学品相比，将尿液中产生的亚硝酸盐/游离亚硝酸（FNA）用于污水中硫化物的控制，在 20 年内可将运营成本降低约 2/3，并减少 1/3的温室气体（GHG）排放。
