Lu Jing, Chen Fuxiang, Cai Bing, Chen Fan, Kang Dezhi
Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
J Clin Neurosci. 2017 Oct;44:300-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.031. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. The concept of early brain injury (EBI), induced by sharply increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) with cerebral global ischemia following aneurysm rupture, has been increasingly accepted. However, EBI has not been well studied partly due to lack of an ideal animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a new aSAH model which can mimic the pathophysiological damage of EBI. Right frontal craniotomy was performed on New Zealand rabbits for placing a PE-50 tube at the suprasella cistern and an ICP probe at the anterior cranial fossa. The central ear artery was punctured and blood was shunted into the suprasellar cistern through the PE-50 tube. ICP, blood pressure, CPP and heart rate peri-aSAH were monitored throughout the experiments. The rabbits were examined for neurological deficits at 24h post-SAH. Brain coronal sections near the optic chiasma were assessed by HE and Cresyl violet staining. Three minutes after SAH induction, the ICP peaked to 61.7±9.8mmHg while CPP decreased to nadir 23.5±8.9mmHg, and both were gradually restored in 15min. At 24h post-SAH, significant neurological deficits were found in SAH rabbits as compared to the sham-operated animals. In addition, neuronal degeneration and loss were also detected. Our results indicate that a new rabbit model of aSAH with EBI is successfully established. Moreover, this model is controllable, economical, and no side-injury to the main artery.
动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）是一种危及生命的出血性脑血管疾病。动脉瘤破裂后，颅内压（ICP）急剧升高和脑灌注压（CPP）降低导致全脑缺血，进而引发早期脑损伤（EBI），这一概念已被越来越多的人所接受。然而，由于缺乏理想的动物模型，EBI尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是建立一种能够模拟EBI病理生理损伤的新型aSAH模型。对新西兰兔进行右额开颅手术，在鞍上池放置一根PE-50导管，并在前颅窝放置一个ICP探头。穿刺中耳中央动脉，通过PE-50导管将血液分流至鞍上池。在整个实验过程中监测aSAH前后的ICP、血压、CPP和心率。SAH后24小时检查兔的神经功能缺损情况。通过苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和甲酚紫染色评估视交叉附近的脑冠状切片。SAH诱导后3分钟，ICP峰值达到61.7±9.8mmHg，而CPP降至最低点23.5±8.9mmHg，两者均在15分钟内逐渐恢复。与假手术动物相比，SAH兔在SAH后24小时出现明显的神经功能缺损。此外，还检测到神经元变性和丢失。我们的结果表明，一种新型的伴有EBI的aSAH兔模型成功建立。此外，该模型可控、经济，且对主动脉无附带损伤。
