Apple Deana M, Solano-Fonseca Rene, Kokovay Erzsebet
Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Oct 1;141:77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.116. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) for integration into the brain circuitry. Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, during aging, NSCs and their progenitors exhibit reduced proliferation and neuron production, which is thought to contribute to age-related cognitive impairment and reduced plasticity that is necessary for some types of brain repair. In this review, we describe NSCs and their niches during tissue homeostasis and how they undergo age-associated remodeling and dysfunction. We also discuss some of the functional ramifications in the brain from NSC aging. Finally, we discuss some recent insights from interventions in NSC aging that could eventually translate into therapies for healthy brain aging.
成体神经发生是指神经干细胞（NSCs）产生新神经元并整合到脑回路中的过程。神经发生在整个生命过程中发生于侧脑室的脑室下区（V-SVZ）和海马齿状回的颗粒下区（SGZ）。然而，在衰老过程中，神经干细胞及其祖细胞的增殖和神经元生成减少，这被认为与年龄相关的认知障碍以及某些类型脑修复所必需的可塑性降低有关。在这篇综述中，我们描述了组织稳态期间的神经干细胞及其生态位，以及它们如何经历与年龄相关的重塑和功能障碍。我们还讨论了神经干细胞衰老对大脑的一些功能影响。最后，我们讨论了神经干细胞衰老干预方面的一些最新见解，这些见解最终可能转化为促进大脑健康衰老的疗法。
