Song Y, Hu P J, Dong Y H, Zhang B, Ma J
Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2017 Jun 18;49(3):433-438.
To analyze the prevalence of reduced visual acuity (VA) and to examine the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors among Chinese Han students, so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of reduced visual acuity.
Subjects were from 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). In this survey, 261 832 Han students aged 7-22 years participated. Unaided distance VA was measured using a retro-illuminated lgMAR chart with tumbling-E optotypes. Ametropia was determined by using serial bronchoscopy. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors. ArcMap 10 was used to map the regional distribution of reduced visual acuity.
Nationwide, the overall prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 66.6%, and was highest among the urban girls (73.5%). The prevalence of myopia was 60.8% and accounted for more than 90% among the students with reduced visual acuity. Compared with 2010 CNSSCH, the increments of reduced visual acuity were highest in the students aged 13-15 years (6.8 percentage points). The prevalence of reduced visual acuity ranged from 50.6% to 76.2% in each province (autonomous region, municipality) in 2014 CNSSCH. The top three of the prevalence of reduced visual acuity were Jiangsu (76.2%), Zhejiang (76.0%) and Shandong (75.9%), and the lowest three were Hainan (50.6%), Guizhou (53.9%) and Xinjiang (57.6%). Logistic regression showed that the girls, urban students, and students who spent ≥2 h per day in their after school homework were more likely to develop reduced visual acuity, but the students with physical activity time ≥2 h per day were less likely to develop reduced visual acuity.
Although the situation was different in each province (autonomous region, municipality), reduced visual acuity has become a public concern affecting the health of students in China. Based on the intervention on the key populations, such as urban girls and pre adolescent students, we should also continue to strengthen the prevention and control for reduced visual acuity among all students.
分析中国汉族学生视力低下的患病率，探讨视力低下与影响因素之间的关联，为视力低下的防治提供依据。
研究对象来自2014年中国学生体质与健康调研。本次调研有261832名7至22岁的汉族学生参与。使用带翻转“E”视标的后照式对数视力表测量远视力。通过系列支气管镜检查确定屈光不正。采用逻辑回归分析评估视力低下与影响因素之间的关联。使用ArcMap 10绘制视力低下的地区分布地图。
在全国范围内，视力低下的总体患病率为66.6%，城市女生中患病率最高（73.5%）。近视患病率为60.8%，在视力低下的学生中占比超过90%。与2010年中国学生体质与健康调研相比，视力低下患病率增幅最高的是13至15岁的学生（6.8个百分点）。在2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中，各省份（自治区、直辖市）的视力低下患病率在50.6%至76.2%之间。视力低下患病率排名前三的是江苏（76.2%）、浙江（76.0%）和山东（75.9%），最低的三个是海南（50.6%）、贵州（53.9%）和新疆（57.6%）。逻辑回归分析显示，女生、城市学生以及每天课后作业时间≥2小时的学生更易出现视力低下，但每天体育活动时间≥2小时的学生出现视力低下的可能性较小。
尽管各省份（自治区、直辖市）情况不同，但视力低下已成为影响中国学生健康的一个公共问题。在对城市女生和青春期前学生等重点人群进行干预的基础上，还应继续加强全体学生视力低下的防控工作。
