Xiao Xia, Yeoh Beng San, Vijay-Kumar Matam
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; email:
Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:103-130. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064559. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has emerged as a critical iron regulatory protein during physiological and inflammatory conditions. As a bacteriostatic factor, Lcn2 obstructs the siderophore iron-acquiring strategy of bacteria and thus inhibits bacterial growth. As part of host nutritional immunity, Lcn2 facilitates systemic, cellular, and mucosal hypoferremia during inflammation, in addition to stabilizing the siderophore-bound labile iron pool. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interaction between Lcn2 and iron, and its effects in various inflammatory diseases. Lcn2 exerts mostly a protective role in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas both beneficial and detrimental functions have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, renal disorders, skin disorders, and cancer. Further animal and clinical studies are necessary to unveil the multifaceted roles of Lcn2 in iron dysregulation during inflammation and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
脂质运载蛋白2（Lcn2）是一种天然免疫蛋白，在生理和炎症状态下已成为一种关键的铁调节蛋白。作为一种抑菌因子，Lcn2阻碍细菌的铁载体铁获取策略，从而抑制细菌生长。作为宿主营养免疫的一部分，Lcn2除了稳定与铁载体结合的不稳定铁池外，还在炎症期间促进全身、细胞和黏膜低铁血症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在理解Lcn2与铁之间的相互作用及其在各种炎症性疾病中的作用方面的最新进展。Lcn2在感染性和炎症性肠病中大多发挥保护作用，而在神经退行性疾病、代谢综合征、肾脏疾病、皮肤疾病和癌症中，其功能既有有益的一面，也有有害的一面。需要进一步的动物和临床研究来揭示Lcn2在炎症期间铁失调中的多方面作用，并探索其治疗炎症性疾病的潜力。
