Hendy Adam, Sluydts Vincent, Tushar Taylor, De Witte Jacobus, Odonga Patrick, Loum Denis, Nyaraga Michael, Lakwo Thomson, Dujardin Jean-Claude, Post Rory, Kalinga Akili, Echodu Richard
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jun 19;11(6):e0005688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005688. eCollection 2017 Jun.
There is an increasing need to evaluate the impact of chemotherapeutic and vector-based interventions as onchocerciasis affected countries work towards eliminating the disease. The Esperanza Window Trap (EWT) provides a possible alternative to human landing collections (HLCs) for the collection of anthropophilic blackflies, yet it is not known whether current designs will prove effective for onchocerciasis vectors throughout sub-Saharan Africa. EWTs were deployed for 41 days in northern Uganda and south eastern Tanzania where different Simulium damnosum sibling species are responsible for disease transmission. The relative efficacy of EWTs and HLCs was compared, and responses of host-seeking blackflies to odour baits, colours, and yeast-produced CO2 were investigated. Blue EWTs baited with CO2 and worn socks collected 42.3% (2,393) of the total S. damnosum s.l. catch in northern Uganda. Numbers were comparable with those collected by HLCs (32.1%, 1,817), and higher than those collected on traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure (25.6%, 1,446), a synthetic human attractant. Traps performed less well for the collection of S. damnosum s.l. in Tanzania where HLCs (72.5%, 2,432) consistently outperformed both blue (16.8%, 563) and black (10.7%, 360) traps baited with CO2 and worn socks. HLCs (72.3%, 361) also outperformed sock-baited (6.4%, 32) and BG-Lure-baited (21.2%, 106) traps for the collection of anthropophilic Simulium bovis in northern Uganda. Contrasting blackfly distributions were observed on traps in Uganda and Tanzania, indicating differences in behaviour in each area. The success of EWT collections of S. damnosum s.l. in northern Uganda was not replicated in Tanzania, or for the collection of anthropophilic S. bovis. Further research to improve the understanding of behavioural responses of vector sibling species to traps and their attractants should be encouraged.
随着盘尾丝虫病流行国家努力消除该疾病，评估化疗和基于载体的干预措施的影响变得愈发必要。埃斯佩兰萨窗口诱捕器（EWT）为采集嗜人黑蝇提供了一种可能替代人饵诱捕法（HLC）的方法，但目前尚不清楚现有的设计对撒哈拉以南非洲各地的盘尾丝虫病传播媒介是否有效。EWT在乌干达北部和坦桑尼亚东南部部署了41天，在那里不同的恶蚋姊妹种负责疾病传播。比较了EWT和HLC的相对效果，并研究了寻找宿主的黑蝇对气味诱饵、颜色和酵母产生的二氧化碳的反应。在乌干达北部，用二氧化碳和穿旧的袜子作诱饵的蓝色EWT捕获了42.3%（2393只）的总恶蚋复合种。捕获数量与HLC捕获的数量相当（32.1%，1817只），且高于用二氧化碳和BG诱捕剂（一种合成人类引诱剂）作诱饵的诱捕器捕获的数量（25.6%，1446只）。在坦桑尼亚，EWT对恶蚋复合种的捕获效果较差，在那里HLC（72.5%，2432只）始终优于用二氧化碳和穿旧的袜子作诱饵的蓝色诱捕器（16.8%，563只）和黑色诱捕器（10.7%，360只）。在乌干达北部，HLC（72.3%，361只）在捕获嗜人牛蚋方面也优于用袜子作诱饵的诱捕器（6.4%，32只）和用BG诱捕剂作诱饵的诱捕器（21.2%，106只）。在乌干达和坦桑尼亚的诱捕器上观察到了不同的黑蝇分布情况，这表明每个地区黑蝇的行为存在差异。EWT在乌干达北部成功捕获恶蚋复合种的情况在坦桑尼亚并未重现，对嗜人牛蚋的捕获也是如此。应鼓励开展进一步研究，以更好地了解媒介姊妹种对诱捕器及其引诱剂的行为反应。
