Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;603-604:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.280. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
Antibiotics are frequently used in animals to treat sickness and prevent infection especially in industrial meat production. Some of the antibiotics cannot be completely metabolized and, as an unavoidable result, are excreted and thus end up in manure which is then spread in the environment. Currently increasing amounts of manure is used in biogas production before spreading the residuals on agricultural fields. In this study, the removal patterns of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole) and macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin), as well as trimethoprim, were investigated during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure. Batch kinetic tests were conducted both at thermophilic and psychrophilic condition for 40 days. Some of the antibiotics (clarithromycin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole) were persistent in all experiments. Thus, no biodegradation was found for sulfadiazine and sulfamethizole in this study. From the studied compounds, only erythromycin was clearly removed and probably degraded during anaerobic digestion with 99% and 20% removal under thermophilic and psychrophilic condition. The removal of erythromycin was fitted to a single first-order kinetic reaction function, giving reaction rate constant of 0.29day and 0.005day, respectively.
抗生素经常被用于治疗动物疾病和预防感染，特别是在工业肉类生产中。一些抗生素不能被完全代谢，因此不可避免地被排泄出来，最终进入粪便中，然后被散布在环境中。目前，越来越多的粪便被用于沼气生产，然后再将残留物施用于农田。在这项研究中，研究了在猪粪的厌氧消化过程中，磺胺类药物（磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶）和大环内酯类药物（克拉霉素、红霉素）以及甲氧苄啶的去除模式。在 40 天的时间里，在嗜热和嗜冷条件下进行了分批动力学试验。一些抗生素（克拉霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑）在所有实验中都保持稳定。因此，本研究中未发现磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑的生物降解。在所研究的化合物中，只有红霉素在厌氧消化过程中被明显去除，并可能被降解，在嗜热和嗜冷条件下的去除率分别为 99%和 20%。红霉素的去除符合单一级动力学反应函数，分别给出了 0.29 天和 0.005 天的反应速率常数。
