Wonerow Martin, Rüst Christoph Alexander, Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland.
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Chin J Physiol. 2017 Jun 30;60(3):137-150. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2017.BAF448.
Performance trends in elite triathletes competing in age group classes have been investigated for Ironman triathlon in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ but not for short distance triathletes competing at international level in events such as the Olympic distance triathlon at the World Championships. The aim of the present study was to evaluate participation and performance trends of age group triathletes competing in the Olympic distance triathlon at the International Triathlon Union (ITU) World Championships 2009-2014. During this period, the number of participants remained constant. Swimming performance improved in athletes in age groups 25-29 years to 55-59 years, but not in younger (18-24 years) and older (> 60-64 years) age groups. Cycling performance improved in athletes in age groups 18-24 years to 70-74 years, but not in age group 75-79 years. In running, athletes in age groups 18-24 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years and 65-69 years improved, but not in the other age groups. Overall race time was improved by athletes in age groups 18-24 to 65-69 years, but not in age groups 70-74 years and 75-79 years. Transition times were improved by all age group athletes. Women were slower than men in swimming, cycling, running and overall race time in age groups 18-24 years to 70-74 years, but not in the age group 75-79 years. For transition times, women were slower than men in age groups 18-24 years to 65-69 years, but not in age groups 70-74 years to 75-79 years. In summary, women and men improved performance in most age groups across all years, men were faster than women except in the age group 75-79 years and the sex difference between women and men remained constant. This knowledge should be considered when future age group triathletes train for and compete in Olympic distance triathlons at international level.
针对参加“夏威夷铁人三项赛”年龄组比赛的精英铁人三项运动员的表现趋势，已有研究涉及铁人三项赛，但针对参加国际赛事（如世界锦标赛中的奥运距离铁人三项赛）的短距离铁人三项运动员的表现趋势却未见相关研究。本研究的目的是评估2009 - 2014年国际铁人三项联盟（ITU）世界锦标赛中参加奥运距离铁人三项赛的年龄组铁人三项运动员的参赛情况和表现趋势。在此期间，参赛人数保持不变。25 - 29岁至55 - 59岁年龄组的运动员游泳成绩有所提高，但18 - 24岁和60 - 64岁以上年龄组的运动员则没有。18 - 24岁至70 - 74岁年龄组的运动员自行车项目成绩有所提高，但75 - 79岁年龄组的运动员没有。在跑步项目中，18 - 24岁、30 - 34岁、35 - 39岁和65 - 69岁年龄组的运动员成绩有所提高，但其他年龄组没有。18 - 24岁至65 - 69岁年龄组的运动员总体比赛时间有所缩短，但70 - 74岁和75 - 79岁年龄组的运动员没有。所有年龄组的运动员转换时间都有所缩短。在18 - 24岁至70 - 74岁年龄组中，女性在游泳、自行车、跑步和总体比赛时间方面比男性慢，但75 - 79岁年龄组除外。在转换时间方面，18 - 24岁至65 - 69岁年龄组中女性比男性慢，但70 - 74岁至75 - 79岁年龄组除外。总之，多年来大多数年龄组的男性和女性成绩都有所提高，除75 - 79岁年龄组外男性比女性快，且男女之间的性别差异保持不变。未来年龄组铁人三项运动员在为国际水平的奥运距离铁人三项赛进行训练和比赛时，应考虑到这些情况。
