University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
Vitam Horm. 2017;105:143-160. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Iron is necessary for physiological processes essential for the activity of all cells, but the erythropoietic compartment is a privileged iron consumer. In fact, a considerable amount of iron is daily required for hemoglobin synthesis and erythroid cell proliferation. Therefore, a tight link exists between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. The iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis is mainly ensured by inhibiting hepcidin expression, thereby increasing both ferroportin-mediated iron export from the duodenal absorptive cells and iron release from the reticuloendothelial cells that process old and/or damaged red blood cells. This mechanism makes certain that sufficient iron availability to the erythropoietic compartment occurs. Recent studies established that hypoxia and/or hypoxia-induced erythropoietin are not direct regulators of hepcidin, which is indirectly inhibited by erythropoietic drive, in particular under pathological conditions characterized by expanded but ineffective erythropoiesis, such as β-thalassemia. Among the number of factors proposed as mediators linking erythropoiesis with liver hepcidin suppression, erythroferrone, a hormone produced and secreted by erythroid precursors, appears the best candidate.
铁是所有细胞活动所必需的生理过程，但红细胞生成区室是铁的优先消费者。事实上，血红蛋白合成和红细胞增殖每天都需要相当数量的铁。因此，铁代谢和红细胞生成之间存在着紧密的联系。用于血红蛋白合成的铁主要通过抑制铁调素的表达来保证，从而增加十二指肠吸收细胞中铁蛋白介导的铁输出和网状内皮细胞中铁的释放，这些细胞处理老化和/或受损的红细胞。这种机制确保了红细胞生成区室获得足够的铁。最近的研究表明，缺氧和/或缺氧诱导的促红细胞生成素不是铁调素的直接调节剂，铁调素被红细胞生成的驱动间接抑制，特别是在特征为扩大但无效的红细胞生成的病理条件下，如β-地中海贫血。在作为连接红细胞生成和肝脏铁调素抑制的介质的众多因素中，促红细胞生成素铁蛋白，一种由红细胞前体产生和分泌的激素，似乎是最好的候选者。
