Jacobs Kenneth W, Morford Zachary H, King James E, Hayes Linda J
Department of Psychology/296, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Koan School, PO Box 2961, Denton, TX 76202-2961 USA.
Behav Anal Pract. 2017 Feb 21;10(2):195-208. doi: 10.1007/s40617-017-0176-x. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The disequilibrium approach to reinforcement and punishment, derived from the probability-differential hypothesis and response deprivation hypothesis, provides a number of potentially useful mathematical models for practitioners. The disequilibrium approach and its accompanying models have proven effective in the prediction and control of behavior, yet they have not been fully espoused and integrated into clinical practice. The purpose of this tutorial is to detail the disequilibrium approach and adapt its mathematical models for use as a tool in applied settings. The disequilibrium models specify how to arrange contingencies and predict the effects of those contingencies. We aggregate these models, and provide them as a single tool, in the form of a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet that calculates the direction and magnitude of behavior change based on baseline measures and a practitioner's choice of intervention parameters. How practitioners take baseline measures and select intervention parameters in accordance with disequilibrium models is explicated. The proposed tool can be accessed and downloaded for use at https://osf.io/knf7x/.
源自概率差异假说和反应剥夺假说的强化与惩罚的不平衡方法，为从业者提供了一些潜在有用的数学模型。不平衡方法及其相关模型已被证明在行为预测和控制方面有效，但它们尚未得到充分支持并融入临床实践。本教程的目的是详细介绍不平衡方法，并对其数学模型进行调整，以用作应用场景中的工具。不平衡模型规定了如何安排意外情况并预测这些意外情况的影响。我们汇总这些模型，并以Microsoft Excel®电子表格的形式将它们作为一个单一工具提供，该电子表格根据基线测量和从业者选择的干预参数来计算行为变化的方向和幅度。阐述了从业者如何根据不平衡模型采取基线测量并选择干预参数。所提议的工具可在https://osf.io/knf7x/上访问和下载使用。
