Litwin Ireneusz, Wysocki Robert
Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
Curr Genet. 2018 Feb;64(1):53-61. doi: 10.1007/s00294-017-0723-6. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Cohesin is a conserved, ring-shaped protein complex that encircles sister chromatids and ensures correct chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, DNA condensation, and DNA repair through both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Cohesins are spatiotemporally regulated by the Scc2-Scc4 complex which facilitates cohesin loading onto chromatin at specific chromosomal sites. Over the last few years, much attention has been paid to cohesin and cohesin loader as it became clear that even minor disruptions of these complexes may lead to developmental disorders and cancers. Here we summarize recent developments in the structure of Scc2-Scc4 complex, cohesin loading process, and mediators that determine the Scc2-Scc4 binding patterns to chromatin.
黏连蛋白是一种保守的环状蛋白质复合物，它环绕着姐妹染色单体，并确保在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体的正确分离。它在基因表达调控、DNA凝聚以及通过非同源末端连接和同源重组进行的DNA修复中也起着关键作用。黏连蛋白由Scc2-Scc4复合物进行时空调节，该复合物有助于将黏连蛋白加载到特定染色体位点的染色质上。在过去几年中，黏连蛋白和黏连蛋白加载器受到了广泛关注，因为很明显，即使这些复合物的微小破坏也可能导致发育障碍和癌症。在这里，我们总结了Scc2-Scc4复合物的结构、黏连蛋白加载过程以及决定Scc2-Scc4与染色质结合模式的介质的最新进展。
