Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Curr Genet. 2020 Oct;66(5):951-956. doi: 10.1007/s00294-020-01075-x. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
Cohesin is a conserved, ring-shaped protein complex that topologically entraps DNA. This ability makes this member of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex family a central hub of chromosome dynamics regulation. Besides its essential role in sister chromatid cohesion, cohesin shapes the interphase chromatin domain architecture and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Cohesin is loaded onto chromosomes at centromeres, at the promoters of highly expressed genes, as well as at DNA replication forks and sites of DNA damage. However, the features that determine these binding sites are still incompletely understood. We recently described a role of the budding yeast RSC chromatin remodeler in cohesin loading onto chromosomes. RSC has a dual function, both as a physical chromatin receptor of the Scc2/Scc4 cohesin loader complex, as well as by providing a nucleosome-free template for cohesin loading. Here, we show that the role of RSC in sister chromatid cohesion is conserved in fission yeast. We discuss what is known about the broader conservation of the contribution of chromatin remodelers to cohesin loading onto chromatin.
黏合蛋白是一种保守的、环形的蛋白质复合物，能够拓扑地束缚 DNA。这种能力使这个结构维持染色体（SMC）复合物家族的成员成为染色体动力学调节的中心枢纽。除了在姐妹染色单体黏合中的基本作用外，黏合蛋白还塑造了有丝分裂期染色质结构域的架构，并在转录调控和 DNA 修复中发挥重要作用。黏合蛋白在着丝粒、高表达基因的启动子以及 DNA 复制叉和 DNA 损伤部位装载到染色体上。然而，决定这些结合位点的特征仍不完全清楚。我们最近描述了芽殖酵母 RSC 染色质重塑酶在黏合蛋白装载到染色体上的作用。RSC 具有双重功能，既是 Scc2/Scc4 黏合蛋白加载复合物的物理染色质受体，也是为黏合蛋白加载提供无核小体模板。在这里，我们表明 RSC 在有丝分裂姐妹染色单体黏合中的作用在裂殖酵母中是保守的。我们讨论了已知的染色质重塑因子对黏合蛋白加载到染色质上的更广泛的保守贡献。
