Staynor Jonathan M D, Nicholas Joanna C, Weir Gillian, Alderson Jacqueline A, Donnelly Cyril J
a Faculty of Science, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2017 Nov;16(4):501-513. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1246597. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
This study aims to determine if biomechanically informed injury prevention training can reduce associated factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk among a general female athletic population. Female community-level team sport athletes, split into intervention (n = 8) and comparison groups (n = 10), completed a sidestepping movement assessment prior to and following a 9-week training period, in which kinetic, kinematic and neuromuscular data were collected. The intervention group completed a biomechanically informed training protocol, consisting of plyometric, resistance and balance exercises, adjunct to normal training, for 15-20 min twice a week. Following the 9-week intervention, total activation of the muscles crossing the knee (n = 7) decreased for both the training (∆ -15.02%, d = 0.45) and comparison (∆ -9.68%, d = 0.47) groups. This decrease was accompanied by elevated peak knee valgus (∆ +27.78%, d = -0.36) and internal rotation moments (∆ +37.50%, d = -0.56) in the comparison group, suggesting that female community athletes are at an increased risk of injury after a season of play. Peak knee valgus and internal rotation knee moments among athletes who participated in training intervention did not change over the intervention period. Results suggest participation in a biomechanically informed training intervention may mitigate the apparent deleterious effects of community-level sport participation.
本研究旨在确定基于生物力学的损伤预防训练能否降低普通女性运动员群体中前交叉韧带损伤风险的相关因素。将女性社区级团队运动运动员分为干预组（n = 8）和对照组（n = 10），在为期9周的训练期前后完成了侧步移动评估，在此期间收集了动力学、运动学和神经肌肉数据。干预组完成了一项基于生物力学的训练方案，包括增强式、阻力和平衡练习，作为正常训练的辅助，每周两次，每次15 - 20分钟。经过9周的干预，训练组（变化 - 15.02%，效应量d = 0.45）和对照组（变化 - 9.68%，效应量d = 0.47）中跨过膝关节的肌肉（n = 7）的总激活量均下降。对照组中，这种下降伴随着膝外翻峰值升高（变化 + 27.78%，效应量d = - 0.36）和内旋力矩升高（变化 + 37.50%，效应量d = - 0.56），这表明女性社区运动员在一个赛季的比赛后受伤风险增加。参与训练干预的运动员的膝外翻峰值和膝关节内旋力矩在干预期内没有变化。结果表明，参与基于生物力学的训练干预可能会减轻社区级运动参与的明显有害影响。
