Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2017 Dec 1;57(6):1322-1333. doi: 10.1093/icb/icx049.
Morphological novelty is often thought of as the evolution of an entirely new body plan or the addition of new structures to existing body plans. However, novel morphologies may also arise through modification of organ systems within an existing body plan. The evolution of novel scaling relationships between body size and organ size constitutes such a novel morphological feature. Experimental studies have demonstrated that there is genetic variation for allometries and that scaling relationships can evolve under artificial selection. We show that an allometry equation derived from Gompertz growth kinetics can accurately reconstruct complex non-linear allometries, and can be used to deduce the growth kinetics of the parts being compared. The equation also shows the relationship between ontogenetic and static allometries. We discuss how changes in the non-linear kinetics of growth can give rise to novel allometric relationships. Using parameters for wing and body growth of Manduca sexta, and a population simulation of the allometry equation, we show that selection on wing-body scaling can dramatically alter wing size without changing body size.
形态新颖性通常被认为是全新身体形态的进化，或者是在现有身体形态上增加新的结构。然而，新颖的形态也可能通过对现有身体形态中的器官系统进行修饰而产生。在身体大小和器官大小之间形成新的比例关系的进化就是这样一种新颖的形态特征。实验研究表明，所有相关关系都存在遗传变异，并且在人工选择下，比例关系可以进化。我们表明，从戈珀兹生长动力学得出的一个生长方程可以准确地重建复杂的非线性相关关系，并可用于推断正在比较的部分的生长动力学。该方程还显示了个体发生和静态相关关系之间的关系。我们讨论了生长的非线性动力学的变化如何导致新颖的相关关系。我们使用 Manduca sexta 的翅膀和身体生长的参数，以及该生长方程的种群模拟，表明对翅膀-身体比例的选择可以在不改变身体大小的情况下显著改变翅膀大小。
