Huang Zhi-Pang, Scott Matthew B, Li Yan-Peng, Ren Guo-Peng, Xiang Zuo-Fu, Cui Liang-Wei, Xiao Wen
Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
Forestry Faculty, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China.
Primates. 2017 Oct;58(4):517-524. doi: 10.1007/s10329-017-0618-7. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Rapid global deforestation has forced many of the world's primates to live in fragmented habitats, making the understanding of their behavioral responses to degraded and fragmented habitats a key challenge for their future protection and management. The black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is an endangered species endemic to southwest China. The forest habitat ranges from near-continuous to fragmented. In this study, we investigated the activity budget and diet of a R. bieti population that live in an isolated and degraded habitat patch at Mt. Lasha in Yunnan Province, near the current southern limit of the species. We used our data along with data from six other sites in more-continuous habitats across its range to model factors that predict stress, including feeding effort and time feeding on lichens against potential predictive parameters. Models showed feeding effort across all sites increased with increasing altitude and latitude, and with decreasing food species diversity. There was also a strong positive relationship between feeding effort and time feeding lichens. The Mt. Lasha R. bieti population exploited a total of 36 food species, spending 80.2% of feeding time feeding on lichens, Bryoria spp. and Usnea longissima. These figures are more comparable to those living in the north than those living in the mid- and southern part of the species' range. Given the models for feeding effort and time feeding on lichens, the unexpectedly high time spend feeding on lichens and feeding effort relative to latitude and elevation are suggestive of a stressed population at Mt. Lasha.
全球范围内森林的迅速砍伐迫使世界上许多灵长类动物生活在碎片化的栖息地中，这使得了解它们对退化和碎片化栖息地的行为反应成为其未来保护和管理的一项关键挑战。黑白仰鼻猴（滇金丝猴）是中国西南部特有的濒危物种。其森林栖息地从近乎连续到碎片化不等。在本研究中，我们调查了生活在云南省拉沙山一个孤立且退化的栖息地斑块中的一群滇金丝猴的活动预算和饮食情况，该区域靠近该物种当前的南部界限。我们将我们的数据与来自该物种分布范围内其他六个处于更连续栖息地的地点的数据相结合，以建立预测压力的因素模型，包括觅食努力以及以地衣为食的时间与潜在预测参数之间的关系。模型显示，所有地点的觅食努力都随着海拔和纬度的增加以及食物物种多样性的减少而增加。觅食努力与以地衣为食的时间之间也存在很强的正相关关系。拉沙山的滇金丝猴群体总共利用了36种食物物种，80.2%的觅食时间用于以地衣、松萝属植物和长松萝为食。这些数据与生活在该物种分布范围北部的群体的数据更为可比，而与生活在中部和南部的群体的数据不同。鉴于觅食努力和以地衣为食的时间的模型，相对于纬度和海拔而言，拉沙山的滇金丝猴群体以地衣为食的时间和觅食努力出奇地高，这表明该群体面临压力。
