Gavrus-Ion Alina, Sjøvold Torstein, Hernández Miguel, González-José Rolando, Esteban Torné María Esther, Martínez-Abadías Neus, Esparza Mireia
Section of Zoology and Biological Anthropology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Osteology Unit, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017 Oct;164(2):321-330. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23271. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
Traditional interpretation of Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection is that life history traits (LHT), which are closely related with fitness, show lower heritabilities, whereas morphological traits (MT) are less related with fitness and they are expected to show higher heritabilities. In humans, although few studies have examined the heritability of LHT and MT, none of them have analyzed the same sample for comparative purposes. Here we assessed, for the first time, the heritability, additive genetic variance (V ), residual variance (V ) and coefficient of genetic additive variation (CV ) values of LHT and MT in a singular collection of identified skulls with associated demographic records from Hallstatt (Austria).
LHT, such as lifespan, number of offspring, age at birth of first and last child, reproductive span, and lifetime reproductive success, were estimated from 18,134 individuals from the Hallstatt Catholic parish records, which represent seven generations and correspond to a time span of 400 years. MT were assessed through 17 craniofacial indices and 7 angles obtained from 355 adult crania from the same population. Heritability, V , V , and CV values of LHT and MT were calculated using restricted maximum likelihood methods.
LHT heritabilities ranged from 2.3 to 34% for the whole sample, with men showing higher heritabilities (4-45%) than women (0-23.7%). Overall, MT presented higher heritability values than most of LHT, ranging from 0 to 40.5% in craniofacial indices, and from 13.8 to 32.4% in craniofacial angles. LHT showed considerable additive genetic variance values, similar to MT, but also high environmental variance values, and most of them presenting a higher evolutionary potential than MT.
Our results demonstrate that, with the exception of lifespan, LHT show lower heritability values, than MT. The lower heritability of LHT is explained by a higher influence of environmental and cultural factors.
对费希尔自然选择基本定理的传统解释是，与适应性密切相关的生活史特征（LHT）显示出较低的遗传力，而形态特征（MT）与适应性的关系较小，预计它们会显示出较高的遗传力。在人类中，尽管很少有研究考察LHT和MT的遗传力，但没有一项研究为了进行比较而分析同一组样本。在此，我们首次评估了来自奥地利哈尔施塔特的一组已鉴定头骨及相关人口记录中LHT和MT的遗传力、加性遗传方差（V）、残差方差（V）和遗传加性变异系数（CV）值。
从哈尔施塔特天主教教区记录中的18134个人估计LHT，如寿命、后代数量、第一个和最后一个孩子的出生年龄、生殖期和终生生殖成功率，这些记录代表七代人，对应400年的时间跨度。通过从同一人群的355个成年颅骨获得的17个颅面指数和7个角度评估MT。使用限制最大似然法计算LHT和MT的遗传力、V、V和CV值。
整个样本的LHT遗传力范围为2.3%至34%，男性的遗传力（4%至45%）高于女性（0%至23.7%）。总体而言，MT的遗传力值高于大多数LHT，颅面指数的遗传力范围为0%至40.5%，颅面角度的遗传力范围为13.8%至32.4%。LHT显示出相当大的加性遗传方差值，与MT相似，但环境方差值也很高，并且它们中的大多数呈现出比MT更高的进化潜力。
我们的结果表明，除寿命外，LHT的遗传力值低于MT。LHT较低的遗传力是由环境和文化因素的较大影响所解释的。
