Liao Yanhui, Tang Yi-Lang, Hao Wei
a Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province , Changsha , Hunan , China.
b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017 Sep;43(5):495-504. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1278449. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
Ketamine is an anesthetic commonly used in low-income countries and has recently been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression. However, the illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and nonmedical use of ketamine are increasing globally, and its illicit use poses major public health challenges in many countries.
To review the nonmedical use of ketamine in selected countries and its regulatory control.
We conducted a review of literature identified from searches of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979-2016) and PubMed databases, supplemented by additional references identified by the authors. Special attention was given to the regulation of ketamine.
Illicit manufacturing, trafficking, and use of ketamine appear to have begun on a large scale in several Asian nations, and it has subsequently spread to other regions. Regulations governing availability of ketamine vary across countries, but there is a clear trend toward tighter regulations.
As nonmedical use of ketamine and its harmful consequences have worsened globally, stricter controls are necessary. Appropriate regulation of ketamine is important for international efforts to control ketamine's cross-border trafficking and its nonmedical use.
氯胺酮是低收入国家常用的一种麻醉剂，最近已被证明对难治性抑郁症有效。然而，氯胺酮的非法制造、贩运和非医疗用途在全球范围内不断增加，其非法使用在许多国家构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。
回顾选定国家氯胺酮的非医疗用途及其监管控制情况。
我们对通过检索中国知网（CNKI）（1979 - 2016年）和PubMed数据库确定的文献进行了综述，并补充了作者找到的其他参考文献。特别关注了氯胺酮的监管情况。
氯胺酮的非法制造、贩运和使用似乎在几个亚洲国家大规模开始，随后蔓延到其他地区。各国对氯胺酮可得性的监管各不相同，但有明显的收紧监管趋势。
由于氯胺酮的非医疗用途及其有害后果在全球范围内恶化，有必要进行更严格的管控。对氯胺酮进行适当监管对于国际上控制氯胺酮跨境贩运及其非医疗用途的努力至关重要。
