Sayad Reem, Elsaeidy Ahmed Saad, Anis Amna M, Atef Mohamed, Hawash Eslam A, Saad Hager Adel, Hamad Khadijah Ali Abdalrahman, Kohaf Neveen A
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Apr 2;87(5):2829-2837. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003232. eCollection 2025 May.
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, has gained widespread use in various medical contexts, including anesthesia, pain management, and treatment-resistant depression. Despite its therapeutic potential, concerns regarding its safety profile have prompted ongoing research and regulatory guidance. This comprehensive literature review explores the current safety considerations of ketamine, summarizing its adverse effects, particularly on cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and dependency effects. Evidence-based guidelines for its administration, dosing, and monitoring are discussed, emphasizing the importance of risk-benefit assessments in clinical practice. The review also delves into current guidelines and proposes future directions for ketamine research and clinical implementation, including enhanced safety protocols, long-term patient outcomes, and the development of individualized safe dosing protocols.
氯胺酮是一种分离麻醉剂，已在各种医学环境中广泛使用，包括麻醉、疼痛管理和难治性抑郁症的治疗。尽管它具有治疗潜力，但对其安全性的担忧促使人们持续进行研究并出台监管指南。这篇全面的文献综述探讨了氯胺酮当前的安全考量，总结了其不良反应，特别是对心血管、神经精神和成瘾方面的影响。讨论了基于证据的给药、剂量和监测指南，强调了临床实践中风险效益评估的重要性。该综述还深入探讨了当前指南，并提出了氯胺酮研究和临床应用的未来方向，包括加强安全方案、长期患者预后以及个性化安全给药方案的制定。
