ASSELDOR, Goose and Duck Breeding Station, La Tour de Glane, 24420 Coulaures, France.
GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France.
Poult Sci. 2017 Sep 1;96(9):3146-3154. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex112.
The aim of this trial was to compare 2 feeding systems based on whole corn, a loose-mix and a free-choice feeding system, during the finishing stage on the performance of ducks. Five hundred sixteen day-old male mule ducks (Muscovy drake × Pekin duck) were divided into 3 groups that differed in the presentation of the diet they received between 58 and 88 d of age: a complete pelleted diet (Control (CON) group; AMEn 12.1 MJ/kg, CP 15.0%) containing 500 g of corn per kg; or whole corn (AMEn 13.9 MJ/kg, CP 7.3%) and protein-rich pellets (AMEn 10.3 MJ/kg, CP 22.7%) in equal quantities mixed in the same feeders (loose-mix feeding [LMF] group) or in 2 separate feeders (free-choice feeding [FCF] group). From 89 to 99 d, 72 birds/group were overfed with a mixture containing mainly corn and water and then slaughtered to determine the weight and commercial value of the fatty liver. Feed intake was measured daily. Body weight (BW) was measured at 58, 88, and 99 d of age. From 58 to 88 d, total feed intake of the FCF group was +7% and +9% (+558 g and +672 g) higher than in the groups CON and LMF, respectively (P = 0.005). At 88 d, the BW was higher in the CON group than in the FCF group (4,959 vs. 4,778 g, P < 0.001), the LMF group being intermediate (4,874 g). During the experimental stage, the feed conversion ratio was higher in the FCF group than in the 2 others (+32%, P = 0.024), but the energy intake was similar between the 3 groups (92.6 MJ/duck, P = 0.353).After overfeeding (99 d), the BW (6,593 g), weight (642 g), and commercial grading of fatty liver were similar (P > 0.05) in the 3 groups. The present results suggest that loose-mix feeding during the finishing stage using whole corn is a solution for reducing feed cost.
本试验旨在比较 2 种基于整粒玉米的饲养系统，即自由采食和松散混合饲养系统，在育肥后期对鸭生产性能的影响。516 只 58 日龄雄性骡鸭（麝香鸭公 × 北京鸭）分为 3 组，在 58-88 日龄时接受不同的饲料呈现方式：完全颗粒饲料（对照（CON）组；AMEn 12.1 MJ/kg，CP 15.0%），每公斤含 500 克玉米；或整粒玉米（AMEn 13.9 MJ/kg，CP 7.3%）和高蛋白颗粒饲料（AMEn 10.3 MJ/kg，CP 22.7%）等量混合在相同的料槽中（松散混合饲养（LMF）组）或在 2 个单独的料槽中（自由采食饲养（FCF）组）。从 89 日龄到 99 日龄，每组 72 只鸭接受以玉米和水为主的混合物过量饲喂，然后屠宰以确定脂肪肝的重量和商业价值。每日记录采食量。体重（BW）分别在 58、88 和 99 日龄测量。从 58 日龄到 88 日龄，FCF 组的总采食量比 CON 和 LMF 组分别高+7%和+9%（+558 和+672 克）（P = 0.005）。在 88 日龄时，CON 组的 BW 高于 FCF 组（4959 对 4778 克，P < 0.001），LMF 组居中（4874 克）。在试验阶段，FCF 组的饲料转化率高于其他两组（+32%，P = 0.024），但 3 组的能量摄入相似（92.6 MJ/鸭，P = 0.353）。过量饲喂（99 日龄）后，3 组的 BW（6593 克）、重量（642 克）和脂肪肝商业分级相似（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明，在育肥后期使用整粒玉米进行松散混合饲养是降低饲料成本的一种解决方案。
