Arroyo J, Fortun-Lamothe L, Dubois J P, Lavigne F, Bijja M, Molette C
ASSELDOR, Station d'expérimentation appliquée et de démonstration sur l'oie et le canard, La Tour de Glane, 24420 Coulaures, France.
INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France Université de Toulouse, INPT ENSAT, UMR 1289 Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France Université de Toulouse, INPT ENVT, UMR 1289 Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme, 31076 Toulouse, France.
Poult Sci. 2014 Sep;93(9):2220-6. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03669. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
The aim of this trial was to study the influence of choice feeding and cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance of ducks. In total, 624 one-day-old male mule ducks (Cairina moschata × Anas platyrhynchos) were divided into 3 groups differing in the diet they received between 56 and 84 d of age: a commercial complete pelleted diet (control group; AMEn 12.1 MJ/kg, CP 15%), or corn whole seeds (AMEn 14.4 MJ/kg, CP 7.3%) and protein-rich pellets (AMEn 9.9 MJ/kg, CP 22.7%) in 2 separated feeders [choice feeding with corn (CFC) group]; or triticale whole seeds (AMEn 13.0 MJ/kg, CP 10.5%) and protein-rich pellets (AMEn 11.2 MJ/kg, CP 19.5%) in 2 separated feeders [choice feeding with triticale (CFT) group]. From 85 to 96 d, 96 birds/group were overfed with corn. Feed intake (complete pellets or cereal and protein-rich pellets) per pen was measured at 60, 62, 65, 69, 78, and 84 d of age. Body weight and body traits were measured at 56 to 84 d of age. Over the entire period, from 56 to 84 d, the feed intake of the CFC group was 7% lower than the control group, and 5% lower than that in the CFT group (P = 0.002). Whatever the diet tested, at 56 and 84 d of age, the BW (4,099 and 4,779 g, P = 0.42 and P = 0.35, respectively) and the carcass traits (P > 0.05) of ducks were similar in the 3 groups. During and after overfeeding, the performances of the ducks were also similar (P > 0.05). The present results suggest that CFC during the finishing period is a solution to reduce the cost of diet destined to ducks. Indeed, using locally grown grains could reduce the economic and environmental impacts of duck feeding, reducing the transportation and crushing processes.
本试验旨在研究育肥期选择饲喂及谷物类型（玉米或小黑麦）对鸭生产性能的影响。总共624只1日龄雄性骡鸭（疣鼻栖鸭×绿头鸭）被分为3组，它们在56至84日龄期间所采食的日粮有所不同：一种是商业全价颗粒饲料（对照组；代谢能12.1兆焦/千克，粗蛋白15%），或者是在两个分开的饲槽中分别提供玉米整粒（代谢能14.4兆焦/千克，粗蛋白7.3%）和高蛋白颗粒料（代谢能9.9兆焦/千克，粗蛋白22.7%）[玉米选择饲喂（CFC）组]；或者是在两个分开的饲槽中分别提供小黑麦整粒（代谢能13.0兆焦/千克，粗蛋白10.5%）和高蛋白颗粒料（代谢能11.2兆焦/千克，粗蛋白19.5%）[小黑麦选择饲喂（CFT）组]。从85至96日龄，每组96只鸭用玉米进行过量饲喂。在60、62、65、69、78和84日龄时测量每栏的采食量（全价颗粒料或谷物及高蛋白颗粒料）。在56至84日龄时测量体重和体尺性状。在整个56至84日龄期间，CFC组的采食量比对照组低7%，比CFT组低5%（P = 0.002）。无论测试何种日粮，在56和84日龄时），3组鸭体重（分别为4099克和4779克，P = 0.42和P = 0.35）和胴体性状（P > 0.05）相似。在过量饲喂期间及之后，鸭的生产性能也相似（P > 0.05）。目前的结果表明，育肥期的CFC是降低鸭日粮成本的一种解决方案。实际上，使用当地种植的谷物可以减少鸭饲养的经济和环境影响，减少运输和粉碎过程。
