Wang Jin-Lei, Li Ting-Ting, Liu Guo-Hua, Zhu Xing-Quan, Yao Chaoqun
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Oct;30(4):861-885. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00010-17.
Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects wild felids as well as the domestic cat; it is caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus . is the species of major concern, whose transmission occurs via the bite of an infected tick. Cytauxzoonosis of the domestic cat has historically been considered uniformly fatal, with a short course of illness, and most domestic cats die within 9 to 15 days postinfection. However, increasing evidence of domestic cats surviving infection suggests the existence of different strains with various levels of pathogenicity. Although wild felids are considered natural reservoirs for this parasite, a number of studies suggest that domestic cats that have survived nonlethal infections may serve as an additional reservoir. The current article comprehensively reviews the parasite and its life cycle, geographic distribution, genetic variability, and pathogenesis, as well as host immunology and the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infection in the domestic cat. This information should provide a basis for better understanding the parasite as well as the pathogenesis of the disease.
嗜吞噬细胞无形体病是一种新出现的传染病，可感染野生猫科动物和家猫；它由属于嗜吞噬细胞无形体属的顶复门原生动物寄生虫引起。嗜吞噬细胞无形体是主要关注的物种，其传播通过受感染蜱虫的叮咬发生。家猫的嗜吞噬细胞无形体病在历史上一直被认为是一律致命的，病程很短，大多数家猫在感染后9至15天内死亡。然而，越来越多的证据表明家猫在感染后存活下来，这表明存在具有不同致病水平的不同菌株。虽然野生猫科动物被认为是这种寄生虫的天然宿主，但一些研究表明，在非致命感染中存活下来的家猫可能是额外的宿主。本文全面综述了该寄生虫及其生命周期、地理分布、遗传变异性和发病机制，以及宿主免疫学和家猫感染的诊断、治疗和预防。这些信息应为更好地了解该寄生虫以及疾病的发病机制提供依据。
