El-Badawy Mohamed F, Tawakol Wael M, El-Far Shaymaa W, Maghrabi Ibrahim A, Al-Ghamdi Saleh A, Mansy Moselhy S, Ashour Mohammed S, Shohayeb Mohamed M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Microbiol. 2017;2017:8050432. doi: 10.1155/2017/8050432. Epub 2017 May 30.
Inappropriate use of antibiotics in clinical settings is thought to have led to the global emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical isolates of . All isolates were phenotypically identified using API 20E and then confirmed genotypically through amplification of the specific gene. All isolates were genotyped by the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction technique (ERIC-PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by a modified Kirby-Bauer method and broth microdilution. All resistant or intermediate-resistant isolates to either gentamicin or amikacin were screened for 7 different genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). In addition, all resistant or intermediate-resistant isolates to either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin were screened for 5 genes encoding the quinolone resistance protein (Qnr), 1 gene encoding quinolone-modifying enzyme, and 3 genes encoding quinolone efflux pumps. Biotyping using API 20E revealed 13 different biotypes. Genotyping demonstrated that all isolates were related to 2 main phylogenetic groups. Susceptibility testing revealed that carbapenems and tigecycline were the most effective agents. Investigation of genes encoding AMEs revealed that ' was the most prevalent, followed by ', ' and ''. Examination of genes encoding Qnr proteins demonstrated that was the most prevalent, followed by , and . It was found that 61%, 26%, and 12% of quinolone-resistant isolates harbored ', and , respectively. The current study demonstrated a high prevalence of aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance genes among clinical isolates of .
临床环境中抗生素的不当使用被认为导致了多重耐药病原体在全球的出现和传播。本研究的目的是调查[具体研究对象]临床分离株中编码氨基糖苷类耐药性和质粒介导喹诺酮耐药性的基因的流行情况。所有分离株均使用API 20E进行表型鉴定，然后通过特定[具体基因]的扩增进行基因型确认。所有分离株均采用肠杆菌重复基因间共识聚合酶链反应技术（ERIC-PCR）进行基因分型。抗生素敏感性试验采用改良的 Kirby-Bauer 法和肉汤微量稀释法进行。对所有对庆大霉素或阿米卡星耐药或中介耐药的分离株进行7种编码氨基糖苷类修饰酶（AMEs）的不同基因的筛查。此外，对所有对环丙沙星或左氧氟沙星耐药或中介耐药的分离株进行5种编码喹诺酮耐药蛋白（Qnr）的基因、1种编码喹诺酮修饰酶的基因和3种编码喹诺酮外排泵的基因的筛查。使用API 20E进行生物分型显示有13种不同的生物型。基因分型表明所有分离株与2个主要系统发育组相关。敏感性试验表明碳青霉烯类和替加环素是最有效的药物。对编码AMEs的基因的调查显示，[具体基因名称1]最普遍，其次是[具体基因名称2]、[具体基因名称3]和[具体基因名称4]。对编码Qnr蛋白的基因的检测表明，[具体基因名称5]最普遍，其次是[具体基因名称6]、[具体基因名称7]和[具体基因名称8]。发现喹诺酮耐药[具体研究对象]分离株中分别有61%、26%和12%携带[具体基因名称5]、[具体基因名称6]和[具体基因名称7]。本研究表明[具体研究对象]临床分离株中氨基糖苷类和喹诺酮耐药基因的高流行率。
