Hernandez Marco R, Ismail Nargis, Drouillard Ken G, MacIsaac Hugh J
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Aug;99(2):194-199. doi: 10.1007/s00128-017-2125-3. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) will enforce a new abundance-based performance standard for ballast water in September, 2017. Strong oxidants, like chlorine, have been proposed as a method for achieving this standard. However chlorine treatment of ballast water can produce hazardous trihalomethanes. We assessed maximum trihalomethane production from one chlorine dose for three types of ballast water (fresh, brackish and marine) and three levels of total organic carbon (TOC) concentration (natural, filtered, enhanced). While the current standard test considers a 5 day voyage, there is a high possibility of shorter trips and sudden change of plans that will release treated waters in the environment. Water source and TOC significantly affected trihalomethane production, with the highest amounts generated in brackish waters and enhanced TOC concentration. The concentration of brominated trihalomethanes increased from background levels and was highest in brackish water, followed by marine and fresh water.
国际海事组织（IMO）将于2017年9月实施一项新的基于丰度的压载水性能标准。有人提议使用强氧化剂（如氯）来达到这一标准。然而，用氯处理压载水会产生有害的三卤甲烷。我们评估了三种类型的压载水（淡水、微咸水和海水）以及三种总有机碳（TOC）浓度水平（天然、过滤、增强）在一个氯剂量下的最大三卤甲烷产量。虽然当前的标准测试考虑的是5天的航程，但短途航行和计划突然变更并将处理后的水排放到环境中的可能性很高。水源和TOC显著影响三卤甲烷的产量，微咸水和增强的TOC浓度产生的三卤甲烷量最高。溴化三卤甲烷的浓度从背景水平上升，在微咸水中最高，其次是海水和淡水。
