Department of Psychology, Fordham University.
BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital.
Law Hum Behav. 2017 Oct;41(5):422-428. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000250. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Cognitive efforts tests, such as the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1997), are widely used internationally, yet there is a dearth of research that has assessed the utility of these measures in different cultures, countries, and languages. This study evaluated the specificity of the TOMM Trial 2 among a sample of 3,590 Spanish-speaking adults residing in 8 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico). Trial 2 TOMM scores were negatively associated with participants' age and positively associated with level of education. Country development, as measured by the United Nations Human Development Index, was also positively associated with TOMM scores. With the widespread use of cognitive efforts tests, this study offers useful insights into the utility of the TOMM in the assessment of Spanish speakers and highlights potential cultural biases that may impact test performance. Furthermore, this study raises concerns about the cross-cultural applicability of the TOMM, particularly when using cut scores established and evaluated primarily on North American, English-speaking samples. Forensic psychologists should be cautious when interpreting TOMM performance with Spanish-speaking adults from Latin American countries because it appears that there are cross-cultural differences that influence test performance. (PsycINFO Database Record
认知努力测试，如记忆欺骗测试（TOMM；Tombaugh，1997），在国际上被广泛使用，但在不同文化、国家和语言中评估这些测试的效用的研究却很少。本研究评估了 TOMM 测试 2 在 8 个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、玻利维亚、智利、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、巴拉圭、秘鲁和波多黎各）的 3590 名讲西班牙语的成年人样本中的特异性。TOMM 测试 2 的分数与参与者的年龄呈负相关，与教育水平呈正相关。联合国人类发展指数衡量的国家发展也与 TOMM 分数呈正相关。随着认知努力测试的广泛使用，本研究为评估西班牙语使用者时 TOMM 的效用提供了有用的见解，并强调了可能影响测试表现的潜在文化偏见。此外，本研究对 TOMM 的跨文化适用性提出了担忧，特别是在使用主要基于北美、英语样本建立和评估的分界分数时。对于来自拉丁美洲国家的讲西班牙语的成年人，法医心理学家在解释 TOMM 表现时应谨慎，因为似乎存在影响测试表现的跨文化差异。
