Raysoni Amit U, Armijos Rodrigo X, Weigel M Margaret, Echanique Patricia, Racines Marcia, Pingitore Nicholas E, Li Wen-Whai
Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 23;14(7):674. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070674.
Elemental characterization of fine particulate matter was undertaken at schools and residences in three low income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. The three zones were located in the northern (Cotocollao), south central (El Camal), and south east (Los Chillos) neighborhoods and were classified as zones 1-3, respectively. Forty elements were quantified via ICP-MS analysis. Amongst the geogenic elements, the concentration of Si was the most abundant followed by S, Al, and Ca. Elements with predominantly anthropogenic sources such as Zn, V, and Ni were higher in zone 3 school followed by zone 2 and zone 1 schools. Enrichment factors were calculated to study the role of crustal sources in the elemental concentrations. Geogenic elements, except K, all had values <10 and anthropogenic elements such as Ni, V, Zn, Pb, As, Cr had >10. Principal Component Analysis suggested that Ni and V concentrations were strongly attributable to pet coke and heavy oil combustion. Strong associations between As and Pb could be attributed to traffic and other industrial emissions. Resuspended dust, soil erosion, vehicular emissions (tailpipe, brake and tire wear, and engine abrasion), pet coke, heavy oil combustion, and heavy industrial operations were major contributors to air pollution.
在厄瓜多尔基多的三个低收入社区的学校和住宅进行了细颗粒物的元素特征分析。这三个区域分别位于北部（科托科拉奥）、中南部（埃尔卡马尔）和东南部（洛斯奇洛斯）社区，分别被归类为1 - 3区。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱分析对40种元素进行了定量。在地壳成因元素中，硅的浓度最高，其次是硫、铝和钙。主要来自人为源的元素，如锌、钒和镍，在3区学校中的含量高于2区和1区学校。计算了富集因子以研究地壳源在元素浓度中的作用。除钾外，地壳成因元素的值均<10，而镍、钒、锌、铅、砷、铬等人为元素的值>10。主成分分析表明，镍和钒的浓度主要归因于石油焦和重油燃烧。砷和铅之间的强关联可归因于交通和其他工业排放。扬尘、土壤侵蚀、车辆排放（排气管、刹车和轮胎磨损以及发动机磨损）、石油焦、重油燃烧和重工业作业是空气污染的主要来源。
