Gilbert Beric M, Hussain Ebrahim, Jirsa Franz, Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè
Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 23;14(7):678. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070678.
With the occurrence of recreational and small scale subsistence fishing activities at the Vaal Dam, South Africa, consumption of fish from this dam may result in health risks associated with trace elements and metals. The Vaal Dam is one of the largest dams in South Africa, located between the Gauteng Province and Orange Free State, and supplies water to approximately 11.6 million people. A total of 38 specimens of the benthic cyprinid fish were collected from the Vaal Dam during two surveys, in 2011 and 2016. Samples of muscle, liver, kidney, gill and spinal cord were analysed, along with sediment samples collected during the same surveys. Thirteen trace elements were analysed in the samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy. This is the first survey on trace element and Hg accumulation in this fish species from the Vaal Dam and target hazard quotients (THQ) indicated that there is a risk for consumers of fish for As and Hg (THQ = 1.43 and 1.14 respectively). Although levels of trace elements in this impoundment have shown little change for a number of years and are lower than global background levels, studies detailing the accumulation of metals by fish inhabiting the Vaal Dam have indicated that trace elements in muscle tissue are above food safety guidelines. Trace element levels in are lower compared to other species inhabiting the Vaal Dam and further indicate that risks for consumers can be decreased if humans relying on fish from the Vaal Dam preferentially consume this species over others.
随着南非瓦尔大坝休闲和小规模自给性捕鱼活动的出现，食用该大坝的鱼类可能会带来与微量元素和金属相关的健康风险。瓦尔大坝是南非最大的大坝之一，位于豪登省和奥兰治自由邦之间，为约1160万人供水。在2011年和2016年的两次调查中，共从瓦尔大坝采集了38份底栖鲤科鱼类样本。对肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、鳃和脊髓样本进行了分析，同时还分析了在同一调查中采集的沉积物样本。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法和全反射X射线荧光光谱法对样本中的13种微量元素进行了分析。这是首次对瓦尔大坝这种鱼类的微量元素和汞积累情况进行调查，目标危害商数（THQ）表明，鱼类消费者面临砷和汞的风险（THQ分别为1.43和1.14）。尽管该水库中微量元素的含量多年来变化不大，且低于全球背景水平，但详细研究瓦尔大坝鱼类金属积累情况的研究表明，肌肉组织中的微量元素含量高于食品安全标准。与栖息在瓦尔大坝的其他物种相比，该物种的微量元素含量较低，这进一步表明，如果依赖瓦尔大坝鱼类的人类优先食用该物种而非其他物种，消费者面临的风险可以降低。
