Steckert Lilian D, Furtado William E, Jerônimo Gabriela T, Pereira Scheila A, Jesus Gabriel F A, Mouriño José Luiz P, Martins Maurício L
a AQUOS-Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory Aquaculture Department , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 , Florianópolis , SC , 88040-900 , Brazil.
b Post-Graduate in Aquaculture , Nilton Lins University/INPA , Av. Nilton Lins 3259 , Manaus , AM , 69058-030 , Brazil.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(4):237-246. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1550308. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Fish may bioaccumulate contaminants from the aquatic environment and extend them to the food chain provoking risks to human health. This study evaluated the microbiological parameters of the pond´s water and trace elements concentrations in samples of water, sediment, feed and muscle of farmed Nile tilapia used for human consumption in southern Brazil. A total of 240 fish were collected from 12 tilapia farms. Sediment, tank water and dry ration used in the animals' diet were collected for analysis. Analysis were performed by Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS-VGA). In addition, the microbiological analysis of the water was carried out. The concentrations of Se, I, Fe, Cu and Zn in fish muscle were higher than the recommended by the Brazilian legislation, considering the advised daily intake for adults. The arsenic element had concentrations above the limit stipulated by the present Brazilian legislation, observed in all samples of muscle, sediment and tank water highlighting a possible environmental and fish contamination by the toxic element. Moreover, the arsenic concentration in the water presented a positive correlation (ρ = 0.33) with arsenic in the muscle, suggesting that tilapia is a good environmental bioindicator, once they properly reflect the levels of arsenic in the water. It is suggested to perform an arsenic speciation for quantification of the inorganic form and accurate assessment of the degree of toxicity in the muscle samples and risks it can bring to human health. Regarding the other potentially toxic elements (Hg, Pb and Cd), and microbiological analysis of water it was verified that the consumption of the fish in question does not raise risks, since the values are within a quality benchmark established by law. The concentration of total and fecal coliforms in pond´s water in the facilities was in agreement with the microbiological indexes required by the legislation of CONAMA class II. Western region presented the lowest concentrations of fecal coliforms when compared to the other regions. There was no significant difference in the microbiological counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. among the regions.
鱼类可能会从水生环境中生物累积污染物，并将其扩展到食物链中，对人类健康构成风险。本研究评估了巴西南部用于人类消费的养殖尼罗罗非鱼池塘水的微生物参数以及水、沉积物、饲料和肌肉样本中的微量元素浓度。总共从12个罗非鱼养殖场收集了240条鱼。收集了动物饲料中使用的沉积物、养殖池水和干饲料进行分析。分析采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪（EDXRF）、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）和原子吸收光谱仪（AAS-VGA）进行。此外，还对水进行了微生物分析。考虑到成年人的建议每日摄入量，鱼类肌肉中硒、碘、铁、铜和锌的浓度高于巴西立法建议的水平。在所有肌肉、沉积物和养殖池水样本中均观察到砷元素的浓度高于巴西现行立法规定的限值，这突出表明该有毒元素可能对环境和鱼类造成污染。此外，水中的砷浓度与肌肉中的砷呈正相关（ρ = 0.33），这表明罗非鱼是一种良好的环境生物指示物，因为它们能够恰当地反映水中砷的水平。建议对肌肉样本进行砷形态分析，以量化无机形态并准确评估其毒性程度以及对人类健康可能带来的风险。关于其他潜在有毒元素（汞、铅和镉）以及水的微生物分析，经证实食用所涉鱼类不会带来风险，因为这些值在法律规定的质量基准范围内。养殖场池塘水中的总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群浓度符合国家环境委员会（CONAMA）二级立法要求的微生物指标。与其他地区相比，西部地区的粪大肠菌群浓度最低。各地区总异养细菌、弧菌属和假单胞菌属的微生物计数没有显著差异。
