LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit, 101, E-17003, Girona, Spain.
Water Res. 2017 Oct 1;122:614-623. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.069. Epub 2017 Jun 2.
The aim of this work is to quantify the relative contribution to the overall environmental impact of the construction phase compared to the operational phase for a large conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). To estimate these environmental impacts, a systematic procedure was designed to obtain the detailed Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) for civil works and equipment, taking as starting point the construction project budget and the list of equipment installed at the Girona WWTP, which are the most reliable information sources of materials and resources used during the construction phase. A detailed inventory is conducted by including 45 materials for civil works and 1,240 devices for the equipment. For most of the impact categories and different life spans of the WWTP, the contribution of the construction phase to the overall burden is higher than 5% and, especially for metal depletion, the impact of construction reaches 63%. When comparing to the WWTP inventories available in Ecoinvent the share of construction obtained in this work is about 3 times smaller for climate change and twice higher for metal depletion. Concrete and reinforcing steel are the materials with the highest contribution to the civil works phase and motors, pumps and mobile and transport equipment are also key equipment to consider during life cycle inventories of WWTPs. Additional robust inventories for similar WWTP can leverage this work by applying the factors (kg of materials and energy per m of treated water) and guidance provided.
这项工作的目的是量化大型传统活性污泥污水处理厂（WWTP）施工阶段相对于运营阶段对整体环境影响的相对贡献。为了估计这些环境影响，设计了一个系统的程序来获得土建工程和设备的详细生命周期清单（LCI），以施工项目预算和安装在赫罗纳 WWTP 的设备清单为起点，这是施工阶段使用的材料和资源的最可靠信息来源。通过包括土建工程的 45 种材料和设备的 1240 种设备，进行了详细的清单编制。对于大多数影响类别和不同使用寿命的 WWTP，施工阶段对整体负担的贡献高于 5%，特别是对于金属消耗，施工的影响达到 63%。与 Ecoinvent 中可用的 WWTP 清单相比，在这项工作中获得的施工份额在气候变化方面约减少了 3 倍，在金属消耗方面增加了 2 倍。混凝土和钢筋是土建工程阶段贡献最大的材料，电机、泵以及移动和运输设备也是 WWTP 生命周期清单中需要考虑的关键设备。类似 WWTP 的其他稳健清单可以通过应用（每处理立方米水的材料和能源 kg）和提供的指导来利用这项工作。
