Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.
Cardiovascular Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Acad Radiol. 2017 Nov;24(11):1456-1462. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.05.009. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
The use of diagnostic medical imaging is becoming increasingly more commonplace in the pediatric setting. However, many medical imaging modalities expose pediatric patients to ionizing radiation, which has been shown to increase the risk of cancer development in later life. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the available data regarding the risk of cancer development following exposure to ionizing radiation from diagnostic medical imaging. Attention is paid to modalities such as computed tomography scans and fluoroscopic procedures that can expose children to radiation doses orders of magnitude higher than standard diagnostic x-rays. Ongoing studies that seek to more precisely determine the relationship of diagnostic medical radiation in children and subsequent cancer development are discussed, as well as modern strategies to better quantify this risk. Finally, as cardiovascular imaging and intervention contribute substantially to medical radiation exposure, we discuss strategies to enhance radiation safety in these areas.
在儿科环境中，诊断性医学影像的应用变得越来越普遍。然而，许多医学影像方式使儿科患者暴露于电离辐射下，这已经被证明会增加日后癌症发病的风险。这篇综述文章全面概述了有关诊断性医学影像产生的电离辐射暴露后癌症发病风险的现有数据。我们关注的是一些能够使儿童暴露于比标准诊断 X 射线高几个数量级辐射剂量的方式，如计算机断层扫描和荧光透视程序。目前正在进行的研究旨在更精确地确定儿童诊断性医疗辐射与随后癌症发病之间的关系，以及更好地量化这种风险的现代策略也在讨论之中。最后，由于心血管成像和介入在很大程度上增加了医疗辐射暴露，我们讨论了增强这些领域辐射安全的策略。
