Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra (GKVK) Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2017 Aug;32(8):601-611. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Genetic exchange between divergent evolutionary lineages, from introgressive hybridization between locally adapted populations to insertion of retroviral sequences into eukaryotic genomes, has now been documented. The detection of frequent divergence-with-gene-flow contrasts the neo-Darwinian paradigm of largely allopatric diversification. Nevertheless, of even greater significance is the growing wealth of data suggesting that the recipients of the transferred genomic material gain adaptive phenotypes from the donor lineages. This adaptive enrichment is reflected by changes in pathogenicity in viruses and bacteria, the transformation of ecological amplitude in eukaryotes, and adaptive radiations in extremely diverse lineages. Although genetic exchange may produce maladaptive consequences, most of the recently reported examples suggest increases in fitness, and many such adaptive trait transfers have been identified in our own species.
现在已经有文献记录了不同进化谱系之间的遗传交换，从局部适应种群的渐渗杂交到逆转录病毒序列插入真核基因组。这种频繁的分歧与基因流动的检测与新达尔文主义的大多异体多样化范式形成对比。然而，更具意义的是，越来越多的数据表明，转移基因组物质的受体从供体谱系获得了适应性表型。这种适应性的富集反映在病毒和细菌的致病性变化、真核生物生态幅度的转变以及极其多样化谱系的适应性辐射上。尽管遗传交换可能产生不良后果，但最近报道的大多数例子表明适应性增加，并且在我们自己的物种中已经发现了许多这样的适应性特征转移。
