State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2017 Jul;57:127-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
There is a need to formulate water environment standards (WESs) from the current water quality criteria (WQC) in China. To this end, we briefly summarize typical mechanisms applied in several countries with longer histories of developing WESs, and three limitations to formulating WESs in China were identified. After analyzing the feasibility factors including economic development, scientific support capability and environmental policies, we realized that China is still not ready for a complete change from its current nation-wide unified WES system to a local-standard-based system. Thus, we proposed a framework for transformation from WQC to WESs in China. The framework consists of three parts, including responsibilities, processes and policies. The responsibilities include research authorization, development of guidelines, and collection of information, at both national and local levels; the processes include four steps and an impact factor system to establish water quality standards; and the policies include seven specific proposals.
需要制定水环境标准（WESs），以取代中国现有的水质标准（WQC）。为此，我们简要总结了几个制定 WESs 历史更长的国家所采用的典型机制，并确定了中国制定 WESs 时的三个局限性。在分析了包括经济发展、科学支持能力和环境政策在内的可行性因素后，我们意识到中国还没有为从现行的全国统一 WES 系统完全转变为基于地方标准的系统做好准备。因此，我们提出了一个将 WQC 转化为 WESs 的框架。该框架包括三个部分，分别是职责、流程和政策。职责包括国家和地方层面的研究授权、指南制定和信息收集；流程包括建立水质标准的四个步骤和影响因素体系；政策包括七个具体建议。
