Riber Anja B, de Jong Ingrid C, van de Weerd Heleen A, Steenfeldt Sanna
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Jun 9;4:86. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00086. eCollection 2017.
Welfare problems, such as hunger, frustration, aggression, and abnormal sexual behavior, are commonly found in broiler breeder production. To prevent or reduce these welfare problems, it has been suggested to provide stimulating enriched environments. We review the effect of the different types of environmental enrichment for broiler breeders, which have been described in the scientific literature, on behavior and welfare. Environmental enrichment is defined as an improvement of the environment of captive animals, which increases the behavioral opportunities of the animal and leads to improvements in biological function. This definition has been broadened to include practical and economic aspects as any enrichment strategy that adversely affects the health of animals (e.g., environmental hygiene), or that has too many economic or practical constraints will never be implemented on commercial farms and thus never benefit animals. Environmental enrichment for broiler breeders often has the purpose of satisfying the behavioral motivations for feeding and foraging, resting, and/or encouraging normal sexual behavior. Potentially successful enrichments for broiler breeders are elevated resting places, cover panels, and substrate (for broiler breeders housed in cage systems). However, most of the ideas for environmental enrichment for broiler breeders need to be further developed and studied with respect to the use, the effect on behavior and welfare, and the interaction with genotype and production system. In addition, information on practical use and the economics of the production system is often lacking although it is important for application in practice.
福利问题，如饥饿、挫败感、攻击性和异常性行为，在肉种鸡养殖中普遍存在。为预防或减少这些福利问题，有人建议提供刺激性丰富的环境。我们综述了科学文献中描述的不同类型的环境丰富措施对肉种鸡行为和福利的影响。环境丰富被定义为对圈养动物环境的改善，这增加了动物的行为机会并导致生物学功能的改善。这个定义已被拓宽，将实际和经济方面包括在内，因为任何对动物健康有不利影响的丰富策略（如环境卫生），或有太多经济或实际限制的策略，在商业农场都永远不会实施，因此也永远不会使动物受益。肉种鸡的环境丰富通常旨在满足其采食、觅食、休息的行为动机，和/或促进正常性行为。对肉种鸡潜在成功的丰富措施有高架休息区、覆盖板和垫料（对于笼养系统中的肉种鸡）。然而，关于肉种鸡环境丰富的大多数想法，在使用、对行为和福利的影响以及与基因型和生产系统的相互作用方面，都需要进一步开发和研究。此外，尽管实际应用和生产系统的经济性信息对实际应用很重要，但往往缺乏此类信息。
