Whitaker Emmett E, Zheng Christopher Z, Bissonnette Bruno, Miller Andrew D, Koppert Tanner L, Tobias Joseph D, Pierson Christopher R, Christofi Fedias L
Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital;
Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine.
J Vis Exp. 2017 Jun 11(124):55193. doi: 10.3791/55193.
Anesthesia cannot be avoided in many cases when surgery is required, particularly in children. Recent investigations in animals have raised concerns that anesthesia exposure may lead to neuronal apoptosis, known as anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity (AIDN). Furthermore, some clinical studies in children have suggested that anesthesia exposure may lead to neurodevelopmental deficits later in life. Nonetheless, an ideal animal model for preclinical study has yet to be developed. The neonatal piglet represents a valuable model for preclinical study, as they share a striking number of developmental similarities with humans. The anatomy and physiology of piglets allow for implementation of rigorous human perioperative conditions in both survival and non-survival procedures. Femoral artery catheterization allows for close monitoring, thus enabling prompt correction of any deviation of the piglet's vital signs and chemistries. In addition, there are multiple developmental similarities between piglets and human neonates. The techniques required to use piglets for experimentation will require experience to master. A pediatric anesthesiologist is a critical member of the investigative team. We describe, in a general sense, the appropriate use of a piglet model for neurodevelopmental study.
在许多需要进行手术的情况下，尤其是在儿童中，麻醉是无法避免的。最近在动物身上进行的研究引发了人们的担忧，即接触麻醉可能会导致神经元凋亡，也就是所谓的麻醉诱导发育神经毒性（AIDN）。此外，一些针对儿童的临床研究表明，接触麻醉可能会导致日后出现神经发育缺陷。尽管如此，用于临床前研究的理想动物模型尚未开发出来。新生仔猪是临床前研究的一个有价值的模型，因为它们与人类在发育上有大量显著的相似之处。仔猪的解剖结构和生理机能使得在存活和非存活手术中都能实施严格的人类围手术期条件。股动脉插管便于密切监测，从而能够迅速纠正仔猪生命体征和化学指标的任何偏差。此外，仔猪和人类新生儿之间存在多种发育上的相似之处。使用仔猪进行实验所需的技术需要经验才能掌握。儿科麻醉医生是研究团队的关键成员。我们总体上描述了仔猪模型在神经发育研究中的适当应用。
