Vince Joanna, Haward Marcus
Politics and International Relations Program, School of Social Sciences, Centre for Marine Socioecology, Institute for the Study of Social Change, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Newnham, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
Ocean and Cryosphere Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Marine Socioecology, Institute for the Study of Social Change, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Oct 1;201:138-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.039. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
The development of third party assessment and certification of fisheries and aquaculture has provided new forms of governance in sectors that were traditionally dominated by state based regulation. Emerging market based approaches are driven by shareholder expectations as well as commitment to corporate social responsibility, whereas community engagement is increasingly centered on the questions of social license to operate. Third party assessment and certification links state, market and community into an interesting and challenging hybrid form of governance. While civil society organizations have long been active in pursuing sustainable and safe seafood production, the development of formal non-state based certification provides both opportunities and challenges, and opens up interesting debates over hybrid forms of governance. This paper explores these developments in coastal marine resources management, focusing on aquaculture and the development and operation of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council. It examines the case of salmonid aquaculture in Tasmania, Australia, now Australia's most valuable seafood industry, which remains the focus of considerable community debate over its siting, operation and environmental impact.
渔业和水产养殖第三方评估与认证的发展，为传统上由国家监管主导的行业提供了新的治理形式。基于新兴市场的方法受到股东期望以及企业社会责任承诺的驱动，而社区参与日益围绕经营社会许可问题展开。第三方评估与认证将国家、市场和社区联系成一种有趣且具有挑战性的混合治理形式。虽然民间社会组织长期以来一直积极致力于可持续和安全的海产品生产，但基于非国家的正式认证的发展既带来了机遇也带来了挑战，并引发了关于混合治理形式的有趣辩论。本文探讨沿海海洋资源管理中的这些发展，重点关注水产养殖以及水产养殖管理委员会的发展与运作。它考察了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州鲑鱼养殖的案例，鲑鱼养殖如今是澳大利亚最具价值的海产品行业，但其选址、运营和环境影响仍是社区大量辩论的焦点。
