Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK.
Osteoporos Int. 2017 Oct;28(10):2903-2912. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4130-0. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
According to existing literature, bone health in ballet dancers is controversial. We have verified that, compared to controls, young female and male vocational ballet dancers have lower bone mineral density (BMD) at both impact and non-impact sites, whereas female professional ballet dancers have lower BMD only at non-impact sites.
The aims of this study were to (a) assess bone mineral density (BMD) in vocational (VBD) and professional (PBD) ballet dancers and (b) investigate its association with body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), maturation and menarche.
The total of 152 VBD (13 ± 2.3 years; 112 girls, 40 boys) and 96 controls (14 ± 2.1 years; 56 girls, 40 boys) and 184 PBD (28 ± 8.5 years; 129 females, 55 males) and 160 controls (27 ± 9.5 years; 110 female, 50 males) were assessed at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), forearm and total body by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maturation and menarche were assessed via questionnaires.
VBD revealed lower unadjusted BMD at all anatomical sites compared to controls (p < 0.001); following adjustments for Tanner stage and gynaecological age, female VBD showed similar BMD values at impact sites. However, no factors were found to explain the lower adjusted BMD values in VBD (female and male) at the forearm (non-impact site), nor for the lower adjusted BMD values in male VBD at the FN. Compared to controls, female PBD showed higher unadjusted and adjusted BMD for potential associated factors at the FN (impact site) (p < 0.001) and lower adjusted at the forearm (p < 0.001). Male PBD did not reveal lower BMD than controls at any site.
Both females and males VBD have lower BMD at impact and non-impact sites compared to control, whereas this is only the case at non-impact site in female PBD. Maturation seems to explain the lower BMD at impact sites in female VBD.
本研究旨在（a）评估职业（VBD）和专业（PBD）芭蕾舞舞者的骨矿物质密度（BMD），并（b）调查其与体重（BM）、脂肪量（FM）、瘦体重（LM）、成熟度和初潮的关系。
共评估了 152 名 VBD（13±2.3 岁；112 名女孩，40 名男孩）和 96 名对照者（14±2.1 岁；56 名女孩，40 名男孩）以及 184 名 PBD（28±8.5 岁；129 名女性，55 名男性）和 160 名对照者（27±9.5 岁；110 名女性，50 名男性）的腰椎（LS）、股骨颈（FN）、前臂和全身的双能 X 射线吸收法。通过问卷评估成熟度和初潮。
VBD 在所有解剖部位的未调整 BMD 均低于对照组（p<0.001）；在调整了 Tanner 阶段和妇科年龄后，女性 VBD 在冲击部位的 BMD 值相似。然而，没有发现任何因素可以解释 VBD（女性和男性）在前臂（非冲击部位）的调整后 BMD 值较低，也无法解释男性 VBD 在 FN 处的调整后 BMD 值较低。与对照组相比，女性 PBD 在 FN（冲击部位）的潜在相关因素的未调整和调整后 BMD 较高（p<0.001），在前臂的调整后 BMD 较低（p<0.001）。男性 PBD 在任何部位的 BMD 均未低于对照组。
与对照组相比，女性和男性 VBD 在冲击部位和非冲击部位的 BMD 均较低，而女性 PBD 仅在非冲击部位的 BMD 较低。成熟度似乎可以解释女性 VBD 冲击部位的 BMD 较低。
