Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Drug Policy, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 Feb;37(2):162-169. doi: 10.1111/dar.12582. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Alcohol use is an important risk factor for violence, and violent behaviour is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. The aim of this study was to examine whether the SES difference in youth violence can be explained by differential exposure to-and/or differential vulnerability to-heavy episodic drinking (HED). In the latter case, effect modification by impulsivity could be assumed.
We analysed cross-sectional data from a school survey of 15- to 17-year-olds in Norway (n = 9853). We employed two measures of low-SES group. Associations between SES, HED and violence were estimated by Poisson regressions, applying a residual centring procedure to test effect modification.
Violent behaviour frequency, HED frequency and impulsivity scores were all elevated in the low-SES group. The SES difference in violent behaviour was significantly reduced when adjusting for HED. The stronger association between HED and violence in the low, compared with the medium-SES/high-SES group, was modified when accounting for impulsivity. Sensitivity analyses suggested robust findings.
The findings lend support to both the differential exposure hypothesis and to the differential vulnerability hypothesis as well as the hypothesis of an enhancing effect of impulsivity on the HED-violence association. The SES difference in youth violence can be accounted for by: (i) an elevated prevalence of HED in low-SES groups; and (ii) a stronger than average link between HED and violence in low-SES groups due to their higher than average impulsivity score. [Norström T, Rossow I, Pape H. Social inequality in youth violence: The role of heavy episodic drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].
饮酒是暴力的一个重要危险因素，而暴力行为在社会经济地位（SES）较低的群体中更为普遍。本研究旨在探讨青少年暴力行为中的 SES 差异是否可以通过对重度间歇性饮酒（HED）的不同暴露程度和/或易感性来解释。在后一种情况下，可以假设冲动性的调节作用。
我们分析了来自挪威一项 15-17 岁青少年学校调查的横断面数据（n=9853）。我们采用了两种衡量 SES 较低的方法。通过泊松回归估计 SES、HED 和暴力之间的关联，并采用残差中心化程序进行检验，以测试调节作用。
低 SES 组的暴力行为频率、HED 频率和冲动性得分均升高。在调整 HED 后，暴力行为中的 SES 差异显著降低。在 SES 较低的组中，HED 与暴力之间的关联比 SES 中等/较高的组更强，而在考虑到冲动性后，这种关联得到了修正。敏感性分析表明结果稳健。
这些发现支持了差异暴露假说、差异易感性假说以及冲动性对 HED-暴力关联增强作用的假说。青少年暴力行为中的 SES 差异可以通过以下两种方式来解释：（i）低 SES 群体中 HED 的患病率较高；（ii）由于低 SES 群体的冲动性得分高于平均水平，HED 与暴力之间的联系比平均水平更强。[Norström T, Rossow I, Pape H. Social inequality in youth violence: The role of heavy episodic drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000]。
