Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Apr;233(4):3016-3023. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26070. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is known as one of important childhood malignancies which due to inactivation of the RB gene (tumor suppressor gene in various patients). The early detection of Rb could provide better treatment for Rb patients. Imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and CT) are known as one of effective diagnosis approaches for detection of patients with Rb. It has been shown that utilization of imaging techniques is associated with some limitations. Hence, identification of new diagnosis approaches might provide a better treatment for Rb patients. Identification of new biomarkers could contribute to better understanding of pathogenesis events involved in Rb and provide new insights into design better treatment approaches for these patients. Among the various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as attractive tools for Rb detection. miRNAs are one classes of small non-coding RNAs which could anticipate in a variety of biological process via targeting sequence of cellular and molecular pathways. Deregulations of these molecules are associated with cancerous condition. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that deregulation of various miRNAs involved in various stages of Rb. Here, we summarized a variety of tissue-specific and circulating miRNAs involved in Rb pathogenesis which could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in Rb patients.
视网膜母细胞瘤（Rb）是一种重要的儿童恶性肿瘤，由于 RB 基因（各种患者的肿瘤抑制基因）失活所致。早期发现 Rb 可以为 Rb 患者提供更好的治疗。成像技术（例如 MRI 和 CT）是检测 Rb 患者的有效诊断方法之一。已经表明，成像技术的应用存在一些局限性。因此，确定新的诊断方法可能为 Rb 患者提供更好的治疗。鉴定新的生物标志物可以帮助更好地了解 Rb 中涉及的发病机制事件，并为这些患者设计更好的治疗方法提供新的见解。在各种生物标志物中，microRNAs（miRNAs）已成为 Rb 检测的有吸引力的工具。miRNAs 是一类小分子非编码 RNA，可以通过靶向细胞和分子途径的序列来参与多种生物学过程。这些分子的失调与癌症状况有关。有多项证据表明，涉及 Rb 各个阶段的多种 miRNAs 的失调。在这里，我们总结了涉及 Rb 发病机制的各种组织特异性和循环 miRNAs，它们可以作为 Rb 患者的诊断、预后和治疗生物标志物。
