Chemical Injuries Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
J Cell Biochem. 2018 Jan;119(1):197-206. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26247. Epub 2017 Aug 3.
Sulfur mustard (SM) as an alkylating and vesicating agent was used for 100 years as a chemical weapon. SM as bi-functional mustard can attacks and alkylates lots of biomolecules. Different cellular mechanism and molecular pathways are responsible for damages to body tissues. Such as DNA damages, oxidative stress, Apoptosis, and inflammation. Sulfur mustard penetrated body organs and induces long term eye, skin, lung, gastrointestinal, urogenital damages and can cause carcinogenic and mutagenic consequences. Currently there is no definitive treatment protocol for SM exposed patients. The goal of treatment is relieving the symptoms with fast healing rate and retrieval of damaged tissues to normal function and appearance in short period of time. Evaluation of proteomics profile in SM-exposed victims has been performed in animal model and human patients. These studies revealed that different protein were involved in the patients with SM damages to skin and lungs. Apolipoprotein A1, type I cytokeratins K14, K16 and K17, S100 calcium-binding protein A8, α1 haptoglobin isoforms, Amyloid A1, albumin, haptoglobin, and keratin isoforms, immunoglobulin kappa chain are defined expressed proteins in the damaged tissues.
硫芥（SM）作为一种烷化剂和发泡剂，已被用作化学武器达 100 年之久。SM 作为双功能芥子气，可以攻击和烷化许多生物分子。不同的细胞机制和分子途径负责对身体组织造成损伤。例如 DNA 损伤、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症。硫芥渗透到身体器官中，会导致长期的眼部、皮肤、肺部、胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统损伤，并可能导致致癌和致突变的后果。目前，针对 SM 暴露患者，尚无明确的治疗方案。治疗的目的是缓解症状，提高愈合速度，并在短时间内使受损组织恢复正常功能和外观。在动物模型和人类患者中已经对 SM 暴露受害者的蛋白质组学图谱进行了评估。这些研究表明，不同的蛋白质参与了 SM 对皮肤和肺部造成的损伤。载脂蛋白 A1、I 型细胞角蛋白 K14、K16 和 K17、S100 钙结合蛋白 A8、α1 触珠蛋白同工型、淀粉样蛋白 A1、白蛋白、触珠蛋白和角蛋白同工型、免疫球蛋白 k 链是在受损组织中定义的表达蛋白。
