Santosa Edi, Lian Chun Lan, Sugiyama Nobuo, Misra Raj Shekhar, Boonkorkaew Patchareeya, Thanomchit Kanokwan
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 28;12(6):e0180000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180000. eCollection 2017.
The corms and leaves of elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) are important foods in the local diet in many Asian regions. The crop has high productivity and wide agroecological adaptation and exhibits suitability for the agroforestry system. Although the plant is assumed to reproduce via panmixia, a comprehensive study on the genetic background across regions to enhance wider consumer palatability is still lacking. Here, ten informative microsatellites were analyzed in 29 populations across regions in India, Indonesia and Thailand to understand the genetic diversity, population structure and distribution to improve breeding and conservation programs. The genetic diversity was high among and within regions. Some populations exhibited excess heterozygosity and bottlenecking. Pairwise FST indicated very high genetic differentiation across regions (FST = 0.274), and the Asian population was unlikely to be panmictic. Phylogenetic tree construction grouped the populations according to country of origin with the exception of the Medan population from Indonesia. The current gene flow was apparent within the regions but was restricted among the regions. The present study revealed that Indonesia and Thailand populations could be alternative centers of the gene pool, together with India. Consequently, regional action should be incorporated in genetic conservation and breeding efforts to develop new varieties with global acceptance.
象腿芋（Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson）的球茎和叶片是许多亚洲地区当地饮食中的重要食物。这种作物具有高产性和广泛的农业生态适应性，适合农林复合系统。尽管该植物被认为通过随机交配进行繁殖，但仍缺乏一项关于跨区域遗传背景的全面研究，以提高更广泛消费者的适口性。在此，对印度、印度尼西亚和泰国各区域的29个种群分析了10个信息丰富的微卫星，以了解遗传多样性、种群结构和分布，从而改进育种和保护计划。区域间和区域内的遗传多样性都很高。一些种群表现出杂合子过剩和瓶颈效应。成对FST表明区域间存在非常高的遗传分化（FST = 0.274），亚洲种群不太可能是随机交配的。系统发育树构建将种群按原产国进行分组，但印度尼西亚棉兰的种群除外。目前的基因流在区域内很明显，但在区域间受到限制。本研究表明，印度尼西亚和泰国的种群以及印度可能是基因库的替代中心。因此，在遗传保护和育种工作中应纳入区域行动，以培育出全球认可的新品种。
