Helwig Nathaniel E, Sohre Nick E, Ruprecht Mark R, Guy Stephen J, Lyford-Pike Sofía
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 28;12(6):e0179708. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179708. eCollection 2017.
Facial expression of emotion is a foundational aspect of social interaction and nonverbal communication. In this study, we use a computer-animated 3D facial tool to investigate how dynamic properties of a smile are perceived. We created smile animations where we systematically manipulated the smile's angle, extent, dental show, and dynamic symmetry. Then we asked a diverse sample of 802 participants to rate the smiles in terms of their effectiveness, genuineness, pleasantness, and perceived emotional intent. We define a "successful smile" as one that is rated effective, genuine, and pleasant in the colloquial sense of these words. We found that a successful smile can be expressed via a variety of different spatiotemporal trajectories, involving an intricate balance of mouth angle, smile extent, and dental show combined with dynamic symmetry. These findings have broad applications in a variety of areas, such as facial reanimation surgery, rehabilitation, computer graphics, and psychology.
情绪的面部表达是社交互动和非语言交流的一个基本方面。在本研究中，我们使用一种计算机动画3D面部工具来探究微笑的动态特性是如何被感知的。我们创建了微笑动画，在其中系统地操纵了微笑的角度、幅度、牙齿露出程度和动态对称性。然后我们让802名不同的参与者从有效性、真诚度、愉悦度和感知到的情感意图方面对这些微笑进行评分。我们将“成功的微笑”定义为在这些词的通俗意义上被评为有效、真诚且愉悦的微笑。我们发现，一个成功的微笑可以通过各种不同的时空轨迹来表达，这涉及到嘴部角度、微笑幅度和牙齿露出程度与动态对称性的复杂平衡。这些发现在面部重建手术、康复、计算机图形学和心理学等多个领域都有广泛的应用。
